Franziska Tiburtius

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Franziska Tiburtius (born January 24, 1843 on the Bisdamitz estate , Rügen district , Pomerania province , † May 5, 1927 in Berlin ) was a German doctor and fighter for women's studies .

Life

Franziska Tiburtius was born as the youngest of 9 children of a tenant on Rügen . From 1851 the family lived in Stralsund , where they attended a private girls' school. At the age of 17 she took up what was then the only appropriate profession for a middle-class woman and was governess and educator for Baron Lyngen in Werbelow (1860–1866), educator in the house of Mr. von Behr-Schmoldow (1867) and as a teacher in Rambin for several years Rügen (1868) active. After graduating as a teacher, she went to London as a teacher in 1870, then she was a teacher at Walton Rectory (Surrey county, between Epson and Rygate). After graduating as a teacher in Stralsund, she decided to study medicine - an unusual decision for a woman of her time. She was motivated to make this decision by her brother Karl Tiburtius , perhaps also her future sister-in-law Henriette Hirschfeld-Tiburtius , who herself had studied in the USA. Due to the prevailing study prohibition for women in Germany, Tiburtius had to go to Zurich , as only Switzerland at that time had opened its universities to women and offered them the right to award doctorates . In 1871 she began studying medicine in Zurich and, despite great resistance from professors and fellow students, was awarded a doctorate in medicine with the grade "very good" in 1876. She then spent another six weeks with her mother in Rambin on Rügen. As she later described in her memoirs, Tiburtius was already called upon as a doctor there; shortly before her departure, the villagers suggested that she stay there as a paid community doctor. However, she resumed her professional career and went to Leipzig as a trainee doctor and then to the Royal Maternity Hospital in Dresden . Despite the professional license granted in Zurich, she did not receive a license to practice medicine in Dresden , whereupon she went to Berlin.

Act

Memorial plaque on the house at Alte Schönhauser Straße 23/24
Tomb of Franziska Tiburtius in Stralsund

In Berlin, Tiburtius and her fellow student Emilie Lehmus opened their own practice at Alte Schönhauser Straße 23/24. From her brother she took over the post of family doctor in the Viktoria-Stift of the Lette-Verein. As the first German female doctors to have their own practice, they both saw themselves exposed to public hostility and reservations from the male medical profession for years. Although they were allowed to practice, they had to identify themselves as “Dr. med. in Zurich ”, according to which they were naturopaths according to their status. The title “doctor” was not granted to them because it was bound to a German license to practice medicine. Despite this, in 1908 Franziska Tiburtius opened the surgical clinic for female doctors with another fellow student, the German doctor Agnes Hacker (1860–1909) . In this polyclinic, women in particular who did not belong to any health insurance company were admitted. Medicines were given free of charge to those in need.

Tiburtius was committed to the women's movement and in particular to lifting the ban on women from studying in Germany. However, it was not until 1908 that women were allowed to study medicine at Prussian universities, and from 1914 to obtain a license to practice medicine.

In 1908 Franziska Tiburtius retired. In the following years she traveled to America , North Africa and destinations within Europe . She died in Berlin in 1927.

Franziska Tiburtius is considered to be the first German doctor of recent times. She wrote down her varied life in her autobiography Memoirs of an Eighty-Year- old. In it, she reports, among other things, from her childhood on Rügen.

Fonts

Honors

  • The former Stralsund district hospital, today “Klinikum am Sund”, donated a prize medal in 1987, which from 1988 onwards was awarded annually on the day of the health care system.
It was designed by Helmut König from Zella Mehlis based on a design by Peter Ganz from Stralsund. It is made of copper and has a diameter of 40.2 mm.
Front: "DR. MED. FRANZISKA TIBURTIUS "and" * 1843 "as well as" † 1927 "; a half-length portrait shows the doctor.
Back: “DISTRICT HOSPITAL” and Aesculapian staff , enclosed by a laurel wreath
  • In 2002 the “Stralsunder Philatelist Association of 1946 e. V. ”on the 75th anniversary of her death, she received a memorial envelope with the image of the Tiburtius Medal. There was a matching special stamp (18439 Stralsund 1) with the portrait of the doctor.

literature

  • Conradine Lück: women, 8 life stories . Verlag Enßlin & Laiblin, Reutlingen 1937.
  • Hildegard von Podewils: Known - Unknown. Women on the verge of history . Verlag Franz Müller, Dresden 1941.
  • Christa Lange-Mehnert: Marie Heim-Vögtlin and Franziska Tiburtius: first women doctors in the age of scientific medicine. Motives, backgrounds and consequences of your career choice. Dissertation, Münster 1989.
  • Lydia Kath: "Mudding, vertell!" In: Pommersches Heimatbuch 2008 . Pommersche Landsmannschaft, Lübeck 2008, pp. 83–90. Reprinted in: Die Pommersche Zeitung . No. 10/2014, p. 16.
  • Cauleen Suzanne Gary: Education and Gender in Nineteenthcentury Bourgeois Germany. A Cultural Studies Analysis of Texts by Women Writers . Dissertation, Maryland 2008. ( PDF )

See also

Web links

Commons : Franziska Tiburtius  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Franziska Tiburtius: Memories of an eighty year old , Berlin 1923, p. 86.
  2. ↑ James C. Albisetti: Girls and Women Education in the 19th Century. Klinkhardt, Bad Heilbrunn 2007, p. 148.
  3. ↑ Women's advocate. - Berlin: Lette-Verein, 1881. - p. 343
personal data
SURNAME Tiburtius, Franziska
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor and women's rights activist
DATE OF BIRTH January 24, 1843
PLACE OF BIRTH Bisdamitz , Rügen District , Pomerania Province
DATE OF DEATH May 5, 1927
Place of death Berlin