Free floor plan
In architecture, a free floor plan denotes the principle of dispensing with firmly drawn-in load-bearing walls on the individual floors . External walls and individual supports carry the loads so that partition walls can be drawn in flexibly within the grid spanned by the supporting structure. The floor plan can be designed completely freely and is freed from structural constraints. Changes to the floor plan can also be implemented retrospectively.
The term describes a constructive principle, while the expression " open floor plan " describes a spatial principle.
Le plan libre
The plan libre was developed in the modern era . The concept was best known through Le Corbusier , who used it in 1914 in the construction scheme for the "Dom-ino" house. Here, the room-delimiting components such as the wall, ceiling and facade are structurally detached from one another, which enables significantly greater freedom of design in the direction of an open floor plan.
In 1927, Le Corbusier formulated "5 points for a new architecture" in his declaration together with the "free facade design" in point 3:
"3. The free floor plan: the support system supports the false ceilings and extends to under the roof. The partition walls can be put in as required, whereby no floor is somehow tied to the other. There are no longer any supporting walls, only membranes of any thickness. The consequence of this is absolute freedom in the design of the floor plan, that is, free disposal of the resources available, which easily compensates for the somewhat expensive concrete construction. "
Other prototypes of Le Corbusier with a free floor plan are the Citrohan House built in 1927 in Stuttgart / Weißenhofsiedlung , the "Villa Stein" in Garches (1927) and the Villa Savoye in Poissy near Paris (1929–1932), in which his entire 5-point program is implemented has been. But the Neo with the group " De Stijl ", especially the Rietveld Schröder House in Utrecht of (1924) Gerrit Rietveld , as well as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe with his in 1929 for the Universal Exhibition in Barcelona designed Expo Pavilion have that Ideas from the free floor plan were taken up and implemented until they were unprecedented and exemplary.
See also
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Sigfried Giedion: Space, Time, Architecture . Springer Verlag, 2007, ISBN 3-7643-5407-0 , p. 212 .