Garches

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Garches
Garches Coat of Arms
Garches (France)
Garches
region Île-de-France
Department Hauts-de-Seine
Arrondissement Nanterre
Canton Saint-Cloud
Community association Métropole du Grand Paris and
Paris Ouest La Défense
Coordinates 48 ° 51 ′  N , 2 ° 11 ′  E Coordinates: 48 ° 51 ′  N , 2 ° 11 ′  E
height 98-164 m
surface 2.69 km 2
Residents 17,869 (January 1, 2017)
Population density 6,643 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code 92380
INSEE code
Website www.ville-garches.fr

town hall

Garches [ ɡaʁʃ ] is a French commune in the Region Ile-de-France in Hauts-de-Seine . It is assigned to the canton of Saint-Cloud and the Arrondissement of Nanterre . The inhabitants are called Garchois .

geography

The residential town with 17,869 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) is the agglomeration of Paris twelve kilometers west of the center of Paris on a hill between the Parc de Saint-Cloud and the Bois de Saint-Cucufa even Forêt de la Malmaison called .

history

The name Garziacus appears for the first time in a document from 1063 . The current notation Garches has been in use since the 14th century .

Ernest Nègre derives the place name from the Germanic Waracus , supplemented with the suffix as . Charles Albert and Charles Rostaing , on the other hand, interpret the place name as a variant of the Franconian Guerche , a Romanized form of werki , which means 'fortification'.

Traces of prehistoric settlements found in a sand pit at the beginning of the 20th century testify that the area was inhabited as early as the Paleolithic and Neolithic .

The parish was founded in 1297 by Robert de la Marche and the church was the first in France to be consecrated to King Saint-Louis , canonized a year earlier .

In 1702 the Territoire de Villeneuve-l'Etang broke away from Garches; today it belongs to the neighboring municipality of Marnes-la-Coquette . In the 18th century Garches grew strong and the wine-growing has been extended. Garches was damaged during the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, and the town suffered even more devastating damage during the Battle of Buzenval on January 19, 1871.

In 1884 the railway line from Saint-Cloud to Saint-Nom-la-Bretèche was opened with a stop in Garches. The community received a train station and a road was built from the train station to the church square. In order to be able to use the municipality better, numerous new parcels were carried out between 1875 and 1925. In 1876 the community had around 1,400 and in 1926 almost 6,500 inhabitants.

coat of arms

Blazon : a red paw cross on a silver background , angled with a black fig place at the top right and an oak leaf of the same color at the bottom left. The other angles show black brickwork. Above all in the middle a golden fleur-de-lis on an azure blue background.

hospital

Population development

The population grew rapidly until 1975, since then the number of inhabitants has stagnated.

year 1936 1946 1954 1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2008 2016
Residents 7,472 8,828 10,447 13,244 14,217 17,998 18.094 17,957 18,026 18,157 17,663

Attractions

  • The construction of the Église Saint-Louis began in 1298 in the year of the canonization of King Louis IX. This is evidenced by a plaque at the entrance to the church. It was partially destroyed during the Battle of Buzenval. The current shape of the church is largely the work of the architect Henri Blondel and the masonry entrepreneur C. Tillet, who restored the building in 1876. The associated cemetery was relocated in 1930. The 19th century windows were renewed in 1980, the organ was replaced and enlarged in 1983. In 1988 the roof helmet was redesigned and in 1990 the tympanum was repaired. The facade and the interior were renovated in 1995.
  • The hospice Ancien hospice Brézin was built 1836th The facade, the roof and the adjoining chapel have been a listed building since 1978. Between 1932 and 1936 the hospice was converted into a hospital. New clinic buildings have been built behind and to the east of the old building. Today the hospital is named after the former French President Raymond Poincaré .
  • The building of the Fondation Casimir Davaine Foundation at 23 avenue de Brétigny was commissioned between 1870 and 1880 by Casimir Joseph Davaine , emeritus biologist. He bequeathed the building to his wife in 1891 with the stipulation that a rehabilitation center for girls between four and twelve years of age - regardless of their denomination - be set up in it.
  • The Propriété de Nubar Bey property at 75 rue du 19-Janvier is a large villa built between 1931 and 1932 by architects Auguste and Gustave Perret . The client was Arakel Bey Nubar Pascha, an Egyptian minister. The villa has been a listed building since 1976.
  • The Parc du domaine des quatre-vents park .

See also: List of Monuments historiques in Garches

Personalities

  • Casimir Davaine (1812–1882), French doctor and researcher, died in Garches in 1882.
  • Henri Bergson (1859–1941), French philosopher, Nobel laureate in literature in 1927, buried in Garches.
  • Leo von Prittwitz and Gaffron (1878–1957), major general in the Imperial Russian Army, died in Garches in 1957.
  • André Derain (1880–1954), one of the founders of Fauvism, died in Garches in 1954.
  • Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), Russian composer, lived with his family in Garches in 1920/21.
  • Coco Chanel (1883–1971), fashion designer, owned a sophisticated villa in Garches.
  • Sidney Bechet (1897–1959), Creole soprano saxophonist and clarinetist, died in Garches in 1959.
  • Clemens von Jagow (1903–1993), President of the Lübeck Regional Court from 1956 to 1968, born in 1903 in Garches.
  • Jean Orieux (1907–1990), French writer, died in Garches in 1990.
  • Frank Zwillinger (1909–1989), Austrian writer, died in Garches in 1989.
  • Robert Veyron-Lacroix (1922–1991), harpsichordist and pianist, died in 1991 in Garches.
  • Marie-Thérèse Kerschbaumer (* 1936), Austrian writer, born in Garches in 1936.
  • Daniel Prévost (* 1939), French theater and film actor, born in Garches in 1939.
  • Georges Poujouly (1940–2000), French actor, radio play and voice actor, born in 1940 in Garches.
  • Jean-Dominique Bauby (1952–1997), French journalist, died in 1997 in Garches.
  • Christine Pascal (1953–1996), actress and director, died in Garches in 1996.
  • Guillaume Depardieu (1971–2008), French film actor, died in Garches in 2008.

Town twinning

literature

  • Catherine Sart: Arrêt sur images . Ville de Garches, 1999.
  • Le Patrimoine des Communes des Hauts-de-Seine. Flohic Éditions, 2nd edition, Charenton-le-Pont 1993, ISBN 2-908958-95-3 , pp. 194-199.

Web links

Commons : Garches  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Toponymie générale de la France . Librairie Droz, Genève 1991.
  2. ^ Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de lieux en France . Editions Larousse, Paris 1968.
  3. a b Jean-Michel Véchambre: Découvrir les Hauts-de-Seine , p. 40. Éditions Horvath, Lyon 1980.
  4. Jean Lebeuf : Histoire du diocèse de Paris , Vol. 7, p 63. Prault Pere, Paris 1757th
  5. Entry no. PA00088109 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)
  6. Entry no. PA00088110 in the Base Mérimée of the French Ministry of Culture (French)