District court Nieder-Olm

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The Nieder-Olm District Court (until 1878: Nieder-Olm Peace Court or Niederolm Peace Court ) was a court of ordinary jurisdiction in Nieder-Olm . It probably met for the first time around 1800 and was dissolved in 1934.

history

Contemporary map of the Département du Mont-Tonnerre

Cantonal peace court in the French era (1792–1814)

The court in Nieder-Olm was set up in 1798 as a peace court for the French canton of Niederolm .

Before - at the time of Kurmainz - administration and jurisdiction were exercised by the Olm office . As part of the Vizedomamt outside the city of Mainz, the office was responsible for jurisdiction in the first instance. The bailiff decided as a single judge. The Vizedom was responsible for the high jurisdiction .

In 1792 the troops of revolutionary France conquered the Rhineland and also occupied Nieder-Olm. The French National Convention decided by law of March 30, 1793 to annex the left bank of the Rhine . Nieder-Olm became part of the newly founded Département du Mont-Tonnerre , which included large parts of the Palatinate and today's Rheinhessen. Through the law on administration and judicial organization in the four departments on the left bank of the Rhine of December 4, 1795 ( 44 frimaire IV ), the French court constitution law Loi des 16 et 24 août 1790 sur l'organization judiciaire from 1790 also became binding for Nieder-Olm. This judicial constitution law provided for the establishment of cantonal peace courts in all departments. This did not initially have any practical effects, as the First Coalition War was still ongoing and Nieder-Olm was not under French occupation until 1797.

With the peace of Campo Formio , the annexation of the Rhineland in October 1797 was also recognized by the German side. The French then built up the administrative structures in the annexed areas and set up the Niederolm Peace Court, which was responsible for the canton of Niederolm . As early as 1801, the justice of the peace Hermes was active as a single judge in Nieder-Olm. The magistrate's court was subordinate to the département court in the département du Mont-Tonnerre. This was based in Mainz . The highest court was the court of appeal in Trier .

With the Treaty of Lunéville , the annexation of the left bank of the Rhine by France was confirmed under international law. The consulate passed a law on June 30, 1802, introducing the French constitution and administrative legislation in the annexed areas. With the Circumscription (circular) of January 28, 1803 (8. Pluviose XI), the scope of the canton and thus the judicial district of the Magistrate's Court was finally established. Even after the canton was dissolved, the judicial district remained largely unchanged until 1878.

Court of Justice in the Province of Rheinhessen (1814–1877)

After the reconquest in the Wars of Liberation , the region was administered from 1814 to 1816 by the Austro-Baier Community Provincial Administration Commission . This let the peace courts exist, but on July 27, 1815 set up the court of appeal in Kreuznach as a higher court.

The Grand Duchy of Hesse , which Rheinhessen received as part of an area swap in 1816, took over the structure of the courts in the province of Rheinhessen . However, the Court of Appeal in Kreuznach was dissolved and a provisional Higher Court was created in Mainz with the Provisional Appeal and Cassation Court Regulations issued on November 4, 1815 for the Grand Ducal Hessian part of the country on the left bank of the Rhine .

The Nieder-Olm peace court was now one of twelve peace courts that were subordinate to the Mainz district court . Even after the Mainz District Court was divided into the Mainz and Alzey District Courts on December 1, 1836, Nieder-Olm remained in the jurisdiction of the Mainz District Court, which was renamed the Mainz District Court on October 24, 1852 . The German Revolution of 1848/1849 also led to the separation of the administration of justice in the Grand Duchy of Hesse . However, this did not affect the province of Rheinhessen, in which this separation had already taken place by the French.

District Court (1878–1934)

The Nieder-Olm Peace Court was converted into a district court on October 1, 1878. This conversion was based on the provisions of the Courts Constitution Act of January 27, 1877, which was introduced in the entire Grand Duchy of Darmstadt - including Nieder-Olm - on the basis of the Grand Ducal Hessian Act of September 3, 1878 and the Implementing Ordinance of May 14, 1879.

The Nieder-Olm District Court was subordinate to the Mainz Regional Court and the Darmstadt Higher Regional Court .

In 1933, the Nieder-Olm district court with 12,596 residents was the smallest of the eleven district courts in the Main District Court district (for comparison: the Mainz District Court as the largest district court in the district was responsible for 144,923 residents). On June 1, 1934, the Nieder-Olm district court was dissolved. The main part of the judicial district - ten municipalities - came to the Mainz District Court. Only Nieder-Saulheim was assigned to the Wörrstadt district court .

Courthouse

Old town hall in Nieder-Olm

From 1827 to the end of the 19th century, the district court negotiated in the rooms of the Nieder-Olm town hall. The classicist building on Pariser Strasse was probably designed by the Mainz master builder Friedrich Schneider .

In 1894, a separate courthouse was built on the corner of Pariser Strasse and Bahnhofstrasse, where the court sat until it was dissolved in 1934. This building was demolished in 1959.

Judge

  • Martin Mohr (1820-1821)
  • Valentin Christian Karl Wagner († May 13, 1886)

literature

  • Eckhart G. Franz , Hanns Hubert Hofmann, Meinrad Schaab: Court organization in Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse in the 19th and 20th centuries . 1st edition. Academy for spatial research and regional planning, Hannover 1989, ISBN 3-88838-224-6 , p. 187-192 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ For the Office of Olm see: Günter Christ, Georg May: Erzstift und Erzbistum Mainz territorial and ecclesiastical structures. Volume 6.2 of the Handbook of Church History in Mainz. 1997, ISBN 3429018773 , pp. 259-268
  2. ^ Werner Schubert: French law in Germany at the beginning of the 19th century, 1977, ISBN 341204976X , p. 23; The indication in the source contains an error: December 4, 1795 was the 13th Frimaire An IV . It is unclear which of the two days is the actual release date.
  3. ↑ Historical-statistical yearbook of the Departements vom Donnersberge (journal volume 1800/01), pp. 170–174 digitized version ( memento of the original dated November 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (285 page (s) approx. 366.42 MB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de
  4. ^ Resolution of the 9th Frimaire X, printed in the Bulletin LXXII of the collection
  5. ^ Paul Warmbrunn: The organization of the courts in the time of the Third Reich in the area of ​​the southern Rhineland-Palatinate (Palatinate, Rheinhessen). In: Justice in the Third Reich - Justice Administration, Jurisprudence and Prison Execution in what is now the State of Rhineland-Palatinate. Volume 3, ISBN 3-631-48588-3
  6. ^ Ordinance on the reorganization of district courts of April 11, 1934 . In: The Hessian Minister of State (Hrsg.): Hessisches Regierungsblatt. 1934 No. 10 , p. 63 ( Online at the information system of the Hessian State Parliament [PDF; 13.6 MB ]).
  7. ↑ Hans-Valentin Kirschner, Dieter Kuhl, Elmar Rettinger: Nieder-Olm in the heart of Rheinhessen. Stories and present. 1st edition, Mainz 2014, ISBN 978-3-943904-64-2 . P. 154.
  8. ↑ regionalgeschichte.net (pdf)
  9. ^ Grand Ducal Hessian Government Gazette 1886, Appendix 21, page 168.

Coordinates: 49 ° 54 ′ 28.5 ″  N , 8 ° 12 ′ 6.2 ″  E