Friedrich August Koernicke

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FA Körnicke

Friedrich August Körnicke (born January 29, 1828 in Pratau near Wittenberg , † January 16, 1908 in Bonn ) was a German agricultural botanist . He taught for thirty-one years at the Agricultural Academy in Bonn-Poppelsdorf and was considered one of the most competent internationally recognized experts in the field of grain science . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Körn. "

Life

Friedrich August Körnicke, son of the small farmer Georg Körnicke and his wife Johanna (Schmidt, * 1804), attended grammar school in Wittenberg until 1847 and then studied mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and human physiology at the University of Berlin . There he became a member of the Normannia country team . Due to the knowledge of plants he had acquired on numerous excursions and the encouragement he received from the botanists Alexander Braun and Johannes von Hanstein who worked in Berlin , he found his way to scientific botany . During his studies he already worked as an employee at the Royal Herbarium in Schöneberg b. Active in Berlin , with whose curator Johann Friedrich Klotzsch he published a treatise on the vegetation of northern Germany in 1858.

After Körnicke graduated from the University of Berlin in 1856 with a dissertation in the field of botany in Latin. phil. In the same year he took on a position as conservator at the Herbarium of the Imperial Botanical Garden in St. Petersburg . In 1858 he became second secretary of the Russian Horticultural Association in St. Petersburg. From May 1858 he worked as a teacher for natural sciences at the Agricultural Academy Waldau near Königsberg (East Prussia). Together with other specialist colleagues, he founded the "Prussian Botanical Association" in Elbing in 1862, which had set itself the task of promoting knowledge of the flora of East Prussia and Pomerania. When the Agricultural Academy Waldau was dissolved in 1867, Körnicke was "transferred" to the Agricultural Academy Bonn-Poppelsdorf . As the successor to the botanist Julius Sachs he worked here until 1898. In the same year he was appointed a secret councilor.

Friedrich August Koernicke was married to Marie Kloß. The marriage had two daughters and three sons. His son Max Koernicke ( different spelling of the family name ) also worked as a botanist at the Agricultural Academy Bonn-Poppelsdorf from 1908.

Research services

In Bonn, Körnicke mainly devoted himself to studying agricultural crops . The main objects of investigation were the types of grain, with the systematic research of the different varieties being the main focus. Körnicke set up an economic-botanical experimental garden in Bonn, had seed samples sent from all parts of the world and studied the development of plants on small plots until they were mature. His discovery of the wild-growing archetype of wheat was of far-reaching importance for crop plant research . Just a few years after taking office in Bonn, he was considered one of the best grain connoisseurs among international experts. In later honors he was referred to as the "old master of cereal science ". Even "in retirement" he continued to look after his economic-botanical experimental garden.

Körnicke summarized the most important results of his research in the Grain Cultivation Manual published together with Hugo Werner in 1885 . This book with detailed botanical descriptions of the most important species, varieties and cultivars of cereal species, their history, distribution and fertilization biology, was for decades one of the best standard works in the field of cultivated plant research. Körnicke has also closely observed and described other cultivated plant species, particularly legumes , in a similar manner. His list of publications includes over 90 articles. In addition to treatises on Rhenish flora, he also published a large number of papers on plant diseases.

Publications (selection)

  • Monographia scripta de Eriocaulaceis . Phil. Diss. Univ. Berlin 1856.
  • The vegetation of customs united and northern Germany (together with JF Klotzsch). In: G. von Viebahn: Statistics of the customs united and northern Germany. Verlag G. Reimer Berlin 1858, pp. 849-896.
  • Systematic overview of cereals and monocarpic legumes in ears, panicles, fruits and seeds from the economic-botanical garden of the Royal Prussian Agricultural Academie in Poppelsdorf near Bonn, issued in Vienna in 1873 . Bonn 1873 (55 pp. And 1 tab.).
  • The seed barley. Hordeum vulgare L. sensu latiore . In: Zeitschrift für das Gesamt Brauwesen Vol. 5, 1882, pp. 113-128, 161-172, 177-186, 193-203, 205-208, 305-311, 329-336, 393-413 and the like. Plates V-XIV.
  • On the history of the kidney bean . In: Negotiations of the Natural History Association of the Prussian Rhineland and Westphalia Vol. 42, 1885, pp. 3–20.
  • Handbook of Grain Cultivation . Verlag von Emil Strauss Bonn 1885. Vol. 1: The types and varieties of grain , edited by F. Körnicke. Vol. 2: The types and cultivation of the grain , edited by Hugo Werner.
  • The emergence and behavior of new grain varieties , edited by Max Koernicke. In: Archiv für Biontologie Vol. 2, 1908, pp. 389–437.

Honors

The plant species are named after him Koernickea rule of the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae) and Koernickanthe L.Andersson from the family of marantaceae (Marantaceae).

literature

  • Johann Abromeit : Friedrich August Körnicke (Nekrolog) . In: Annual report of the Prussian Botanical Association, 1908, pp. 65–70.
  • Hugo Werner: Privy Councilor Prof. Dr. Kornicke † . In: Illustrierte Landwirtschaftliche Zeitung vol. 28, 1908, p. 88 with picture on p. 90.
  • Hermann Ullrich : The botanist Friedrich August Körnicke (1828-1908). Short biography and list of his publications . In: Decheniana Vol. 122, 1970, pp. 379-384.
  • Hermann Ullrich:  Körnicke, Friedrich August. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 392 ( digitized version ).
  • K. Hammer: Friedrich Körnicke as an evolution researcher on wheat . In: Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Pflanzenbauwissenschaften Vol. 20 (= Lectures for Plant Breeding H. 77), 2008, pp. 111–117.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Goldschmidt, Paul: On the history of the Landsmannschaft Normannia in Berlin 1842–1902, Berlin, 1902.
  2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
personal data
SURNAME Koernicke, Friedrich August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German agricultural botanist
DATE OF BIRTH January 29, 1828
PLACE OF BIRTH Pratau near Wittenberg
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1908
Place of death Bonn