Friedrich Haberlandt

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Friedrich Haberlandt (born February 21, 1826 in Pressburg , † May 1, 1878 in Vienna ) was an Austrian agricultural scientist . His teaching and research focus was crop production .

Live and act

Friedrich Haberlandt, son of a master brush maker, studied law at the Law Academy in Pressburg from 1845 , but turned to agriculture in 1847. He completed an internship on a farm and began studying agriculture at the Agricultural College in Hungarian-Altenburg in 1848 . He was particularly interested in basic natural science subjects. In 1851 he was employed as a teaching assistant for agricultural chemistry at this training facility and in 1863 a professorship for botany and mathematics.

In keeping with the duties of his teaching post, Haberlandt was particularly concerned with current problems in crop production, initially with questions relating to the irrigation of crops. He made a name for himself as a plant cultivation scientist with his book " Contributions to the Acclimation of Plants and Seed Change " , published in 1864 . The results published therein on the origin value of seeds and the knowledge gaps identified gave new impulses to seed research.

In addition to his seed research, Haberlandt also examined the diseases of the silkworm . On the basis of these studies, he was entrusted with the establishment and management of an experimental station for silkworm breeding in Gorizia in 1869 . At this station he worked very successfully until 1872. The book “ The silk moth of the mulberry tree, its rearing and diseases ”, which was written during this period, was considered a standard work in silkworm literature for decades.

In 1872 Haberlandt was appointed full professor of plant engineering at the newly founded University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. As a representative of the physical and physiological fields of work in his field, he was primarily concerned with the influence of external factors on the development of cultivated plants. One of the main research areas was investigations into the germination process of the seeds. Haberlandt published most of the results of this experimental work in the series of publications he published, " Scientific and practical investigations in the field of crop production ".

Since 1875 Haberlandt tried to introduce the soybean as a field crop in Austria and Germany. His dedicated commitment to the cultivation of this crop led to a lively experimentation at university institutes, research stations and in agricultural practice. Haberlandt made a first interim assessment of these activities in 1878 in the book “ Die Sojabohne. Results of the studies and experiments on the cultivation of this newly introduced cultivated plant ”published. Unfortunately, he was no longer able to complete his plan to present the entire field of agricultural crop production in a comprehensive textbook. After his early demise, his friend and colleague Wenzel Hecke published the completed manuscript in 1879 under the title “ Der Allgemeine Agricultural Plant Production ”.

Haberlandt was married to Katharina Köhler from Vienna. The marriage had three daughters and three sons. The latter include the botanist Gottlieb Haberlandt (1854–1945) and the folklorist Michael Haberlandt (1860–1940).

Major works

  • Contributions to the question about the acclimatization of plants and the change of seeds . Verlag Carl Gerold's Sohn Vienna 1864.
  • The epidemic disease of the silkworms . Publishing house Carl Gerold's son Vienna 1866.
  • Knowledge of the silk-spinning insect and its diseases , Verlag Carl Gerold's Sohn Vienna 1869.
  • The silk moth of the mulberry tree , its rearing and diseases . Publishing house Gerold's Sohn Vienna 1871.
  • Brief instructions on how to raise the common silkworm . Gorizia 1871 (see web links )
  • Scientific and practical studies in the field of crop production . 2 vols. Vienna 1875 a. 1877.
  • The soybean . Results of studies and tests on the cultivation of this newly introduced cultivated plant . Vienna 1878.
  • General agricultural crop production . Edited by Wenzel Hecke after the author's death. Published by Faesy & Frick Vienna 1879.

literature

  • Haberlandt Friedrich. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1959, p. 124.
  • Wenzel Hecke: Friedrich Haberlandt . In: Oesterreichisches Landwirthschaftliches Wochenblatt Jg. 4, 1878, pp. 205-206 (with picture).
  • Friedrich Haberlandt † . In: Wiener Landwirthschaftliche Zeitung, vol. 28, 1878, pp. 211–212 u. 501–503 (with picture).
  • Carl Leisewitz:  Friedrich Haberlandt . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1879, pp. 269-274.
  • AM Steiner: On the history of Viennese plant breeding: Haberlandt, Fruwirth , Ruckenbauer . In: Die Bodenkultur Vol. 50, 1999, pp. 203-210.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Haberlandt, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian agricultural scientist
DATE OF BIRTH February 21, 1826
PLACE OF BIRTH Pressburg
DATE OF DEATH May 1, 1878
Place of death Vienna