Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald

Friedrich Kreutzwald
(by Johann Köler ).

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (* December 14th ^July / December 26th  1803 ^greg. In Jõepere ( Jömper ) in today's municipality Kadrina ( Sankt Katharinen ), Lääne-Viru ( West-Wierland ); † August 13th ^July / 25th August  1882 ^greg. In Tartu ( Dorpat )) was an Estonian doctor and writer .

Life

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald was born as the son of the Estonian serfs Juhan Reinholdson and Ann on the Jõepere estate near Rakvere . From 1816 he was able to attend school after serfdom was abolished in Estonia in 1815 and the establishment of village schools for the children of the farmers was decreed. His father was the storage manager and shoemaker ( kingsepp ) of the estate. His mother was a housekeeper. In Estonian dialect he was called " Vidri Rein Ristimets " ( Ristimets = cross forest ). His ancestors came from the Ristimets Talu (Kreuzwald-Hof). In the school of Rakvere the name was Germanized into "Kreutzwald".

After working as a primary school teacher (from 1820 to 1824) in Tallinn and private tutor (1824/1825) in Saint Petersburg , he studied medicine in Tartu from 1826 . There he joined a group of Estonian students, which was led by Friedrich Robert Faehlmann and dedicated to the maintenance and revitalization of the Estonian language and culture. In 1838 the Estonian Scholarly Society was established , and Kreutzwald was elected an honorary member in 1849. In 1854 he was elected a corresponding member of the Finnish Literary Society.

From 1833 to 1877 Kreutzwald was the town doctor of Võru in southeast Estonia and mainly treated poor people. Despite the geographical distance from the centers of the Estonian cultural movement in Tartu and Tallinn, he kept in contact with his colleagues through intensive correspondence.

As a writer, he orientated himself on German models, which he also translated into Estonian - in some very free adaptations. After Faehlmann's death in 1850, he was given the task of completing the collection of Estonian legends and folk songs he had begun . This adaptation of folk tales and songs, the Kalevipoeg , is now considered the Estonian national epic . In addition, his adaptations of Estonian fairy tales from 1866 should be mentioned in particular .

In honor of Kreutzwald, the Estonian Literature Museum calls its annual conferences on literature and folk art , which it holds in December, "Kreutzwald Days".

During his lifetime he was a member of the German-Baltic student corporation Estonia Dorpat .

Fonts

fairy tale

In: Reinhold Kreutzwald: Estonian fairy tales.

• The gold spinners
• The maidens bathing in the moonlight
• Fast foot, nimble hand and keen eye
• The Tontlawald
• The orphan's hand mill
• The twelve daughters
• How an orphan unexpectedly found happiness
• Treeling and Borkeline
• The quick-footed king's daughter
• Loppi and Lappi
• The godchild of the grotto nymphs is also Maasika
• Cunning
• Rare woman loyalty
• Aschentrine (see Cinderella )
• The Springinsfeld
• The pikne bagpipes
• The richly gilded benefit
• The dwarves' quarrel
• The hangman
• How a king's daughter slept for seven years (see Snow White )
• The Northern Dragon
• The mighty cancer and the insatiable woman (cf. Vom Fischer and his wife )
• The grateful prince's son (see the singing, jumping little lion )
• The stepmother
• Rougutaja's daughter
• The Meermaid (see The Little Mermaid and Melusine )
• The underground (see fairy tale motif: dwarfs )
• The smart one in your pocket (see table cover yourself )
• The boulder
• The lucky egg
• How seven tailors went to the Turkish war
• The lucky rub
• King of the Fog Mountain
• The courageous overseer
• How a prince grew up as a herding boy
• The foolish ox sale
• Bagpipe Tiidu
• The king's daughter hatched from the egg
• The kind-hearted woodcutter
• The nocturnal churchgoers
• The kind-hearted woodcutter
• The nocturnal churchgoer
• The hunter's lost luck
• The prince who escaped danger becomes the savior of his brothers

Other publications (selection)

• Mythical lighting of the labyrinth at Dorpat. In: The domestic. A weekly for Liv, Esth and Curland history, geography, statistics and literature . 9th Vol. (1844), No. 44, OCLC 751069464 , 698-702.
• Another explanation about the maze question. In: The domestic. 9th vol. (1844), No. 51, pp. 812-814.

literature

• Wilhelm Schott : The Estonian sagas of Kalewi-Poeg . F. Dümmler's Verlag-Buchhandlung Harrwitz and Gossmann, Berlin 1863, OCLC 6720905 (Estonian).
• L. Tohver: F. R. Faehlmanni ja F. R. Kreutzwaldi elust ja loomingust (= Keel ja kirjandus. 13). Loodus , Tartu 1934, OCLC 180456773 (Estonian).
• L. Tohver: Kreutzwaldi väliskirjanduslikust eruditsioonist. With a German lecture: “Kreutzwald's erudition in foreign literatures” (= Akadeemilise Kirjandusühingu toimetused , Volume 8). Akadeemilise Kirjandusühingu Kirjastus , Tartu 1932 OCLC 796217161 (Estonian).
• Gustav Suits : Nuori Kreutzwald. Viron kielestä suomentanut Helvi Katajavuori. Sumalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura , Helsinki 1953, OCLC 503973341 (Swedish).
• Endel Nirk: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (= Eesti kirjamehi ). Lauluisa elulugu. Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus , Tallinn 1961, OCLC 253482400 (Estonian; "the poet's life story").
• Endel Nirk: Kreutzwald yes eesti rahvusliku kirjanduse algus. Monograafia. Eesti Raamat , Tallinn 1968, OCLC 16764838 (Estonian).
• Herbert Laidvee: Ms. R. Kreutzwaldi bibliograafia 1833–1969 (= Personaalbibliograafiad. Vol. 1). Eesti Raamat , Tallinn 1978, OCLC 5479586 (Estonian).
• Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald 1803–1882. Personaalnimestik Koost . Edited by Vaime Kabur. Eesti NSV Ministry of Culture. Ms. R. Kreutzwaldi nim. Eesti NSV Riiklik Raamatukogu, Tallinn 1982, OCLC 248957617 (Estonian).
• R. Kreutzwaldi bibliograafia 1982-2003. Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, Tallinn 2004, OCLC 249788027 (Estonian).
• Tiiu Jaago: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald and the Cultural Bridge. In: Kristin Kuutma, Tiiu Jaago: Studies in Estonian Folkloristics and Ethnology. A Reader and Reflexive History. Tartu University Press , Tartu 2005, ISBN 9949-11-110-2 , pp. 19-36 (English).
• St. Petersburg and Livonia - and the development of Estonian literature. Anton Schiefner (1817–1879) and Friedrich R. Kreutzwald (1803–1882) in correspondence (= Oriental Studies bibliographies and documentations. Vol. 22). Edited by Hartmut Walravens . Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-447-06933-5 .
• Cornelius Hasselblatt : Kalevipoeg Studies. The Creation and Reception of an Epic (= Studia Fennica Folkloristica. Vol. 21). Finnish Literature Society - SKS , Helsinki 2016, ISBN 978-952-222-711-9 (English).
• Carola L. Gottzmann / Petra Hörner: Lexicon of the German-language literature of the Baltic States and St. Petersburg . 3 volumes; Verlag Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007. ISBN 978-3-11-019338-1 . Volume 2, pp. 757-761

Web links

Wikisource: Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald  - Sources and full texts

• Literature by and about Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald in the catalog of the German National Library
• Pictures of the life of Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald. In: kreutzwald.kirmus.ee

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Copy of the birth certificate from 1903. In: kreutzwald.kirmus.ee, accessed on September 26, 2016.
2. ^ Friedrich Scholz: The literatures of the Baltic States. Their origin and development (= treatises of the Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Vol. 80). Westdeutscher Verlag, Opladen 1990, ISBN 3-531-05097-4 , p. 269.
3. ^ ^{A b c} Anne-Marie Thiesse: La création des identités nationales - Europe XVIIIe – XXe siècle . In: Richard Figuier (Ed.): Points Histoire . 2nd Edition. H296. Éditions du Seuil, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-02-034247-2 , pp. 118 ff .
4. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt : History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. De Gruyter, Berlin a. a. 2006, ISBN 978-3-11-018025-1 , p. 224.
5. ^ Ernst von Mühlendahl: Album Estonorum. Edited by the Philistine Union of Estonia, No. 119. Tallinn 1939, OCLC 634750923 ; Student courier. Issue 1/2002, ISSN  0931-0444 , p. 25.
6. ↑ These fairy tales in Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald: Estonian fairy tales. Translated from Estonian by Ferdinand Löwe , edited by Aivo Kaidja, illustr. by Peeter Ulas. Publisher Perioodika, Tallinn 1981, OCLC 23187244 .