Friedrich Wilhelm von Raison

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Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Karl Maximilian Raison , since 1787 von Raison (born January 13, 1726 in Coburg , † November 20, 1791 in Mitau ) was a statesman and scholar. The noble family von Raison goes back to him .

family

The father, Jean Ferdinand Raison (* in the 1680s in Paris, † December 3, 1764 in Coburg) was a French refugee and had nine children in his first marriage and five children in his second marriage. Friedrich Wilhelm was the sixth child. The mother, Charlotte Raison b. Badon, died on April 26, 1736 in Jena.

On February 23, 1772 he married Anna Sophie Recke in Mitau. He had six children with her:

  • Friedrich Sigismund von Raison (November 26, 1773 Mitau, died before 1800), also "de Raison, Fridericus Sigismundus", joined the royal family. Prussian military services
  • Johann Georg Wilhelm von Raison (January 13, 1775 Mitau - June 1, 1836 Groß-Autz ; pastor zu Groß-Autz, studied experimental physics (including winter semester 1795/1796 with Georg Christoph Lichtenberg , married twice, 1st marriage 1803 Luise Wehrt ( died 1809), 2nd marriage to Charlotte Wilhelmine Bursy)); Member of the Society of Free Men , 1800 pastor-adjunct of Karl Dietrich Wehrt in Groß-Autz, Alt-Autz and Ihlen, 1811 his successor; Mentioned in the St. Petersburg magazine in 1824
  • Charlotte Sophie von Raison (July 7, 1776 Mitau - March 7, 1777 Mitau)
  • Charlotte Christiane von Raison (March 11, 1778 Mitau - 1795 Dresden), married at around 14 years old, with Carl Christian Schiemann
  • Karl von Raison (January 30, 1780 Mitau - August 3, 1811 Schwarden / According to Karl Dannenberg: born 1776 25/6 zu Mitau, died 1812 in summer) stud. jur. July 28, 1796, was the owner of Schwarzenden. married to Karoline von Raison, b. Klappmeyer, also "Caroline"
  • Dorothea Henriette von Raison (July 1, 1786 Mitau - April 16, 1790 Mitau)

Life

Friedrich Wilhelm von Raison studied law at the University of Jena and went to Livonia as the tutor of a young Baron von Kampenhausen and then accompanied the latter on trips in Germany. He then continued his studies in Jena and at the same time read a course on the history and constitution of their fatherland for many Kurlanders and Livonians who were present at the university.

One of his trusted acquaintances, who would later become the Landhofmeister Herr von Rutenberg, recommended that he take over the management of a young Herr von Fircks in 1760. So he came to Courland as court master of Lieutenant Ferdinand von Fircks on Lesten. But he did not stay there long because his pupil did not suit him and went to Riga. He was there when Duke Ernst Johann von Biron returned from St. Petersburg after exile in Courland. A man equally proficient in German and French, practiced in Latin, who had studied and taught the history and constitution of the country and who had to be alien to all parties without family ties in the country, was just apt to become a confidante of the returning Duke.

In 1762 he was taken into service as a secret cabinet secretary. It was probably his advice that guided the steps of the duke on unsteady ground, which he entered. Certainly most of the most important things that came in writings from his cabinet were of Raison's version. After his abdication in 1769, he received the title of Chancellery of Duke Peter on February 12 , under which he, if not formally, in reality assumed the position of a leading minister.

He accompanied the Duke several times on trips to Saint Petersburg.

Science and art

But Raison was not only a politician, but also a person with diverse interests in science and art. He was the real soul for all the book and art collections put together by the duke; his bustle brought most of it together.

His intellectual peculiarity is aptly characterized by the brief obituary that the intelligence paper of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung in Jena dedicated to him when he was torn from his Duke by death on November 20, 1791 in the midst of a politically turbulent time. “This deserving and learned man”, it says, “has not distinguished himself as a writer”, but he was one of the most ingenious men in our country, known for the best of science.

Johann Friedrich von Recke gives him the same testimony in a more detailed version, who says of him: “His spirit encompassed the whole field of human knowledge. He wrote and spoke Latin to the greatest perfection, as well as French and Italian , read Greek , English , Spanish and Russian , and understood Latvian and Estonian . History and mathematics were his favorite sciences, and he was excellent in the latter. He was the real soul for all the books and art collections put together by the duke; his bustle brought most of it together. He wrote everything, gave everything and arranged everything. All the coins and medals that the dukes Ernst Johann and Peter had minted up to 1784 are from his invention ”. As far as his character is concerned, according to the description of his son, Pastor Johann Georg Wilhelm von Raison zu Groß-Autz, he was “a man of firm principles, fiery temperament, violent feeling, which was not weakened by a strong constitution and strict diet; hence, even in later years, he was usually thought to be younger than he was ”. "He did not love big company, games or similar joys without food for the mind and heart", it says in his necrology, "but an almost always cheerful mood and happy cheerfulness made him the most pleasant company in the circle of his wisely chosen friends".

Honors

Material honor by the Duke

In Courland, the granting of indigenous status was tied to a resolution of the Courland Knighthood ; Duke Peter von Biron was therefore only able to express his appreciation through material honors. In doing so, he did justice to his services for the establishment of the Academia Petrina and in February 1776 presented him with a very substantial sum of money. In 1789 he gave him the Neu-Laschen estate near Hasenpoth as a pledge for 99 years.

Elevation to the Prussian nobility

Because of his political merits, which he rendered in almost thirty years of unselfish service to the Courland ducal house, both in internal administration and in the field of foreign policy, he was appointed privy councilor by King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia in 1787 and became a nobility raised.

Posthumous award of the Russian hereditary nobility

By resolution of March 18, 1850 with reference to an expert opinion of February 21, 1850, the Russian hereditary nobility was awarded to Friedrich Wilhelm von Raison. The decision was announced in the St. Petersburg Senate papers on March 31, 1850. As a result, his family was entitled to register in the fourth part of the noble genealogical book.

Fonts

  • Strange lectures from the Diet since February 19, 1789, with a few comments. (Mitau, 1789.)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Personen.digitale-sammlungen.de
  2. ↑ On the history and statistics of the Mitau grammar school, by Karl Dannenberg , Festschrift June 17, 1875.
  3. ^ Autobiography of Johann Georg Wilhelm von Raison. In: Meeting reports of the Courland Society for Literature and Art and the annual report of the Courland Provincial Museum from the years 1909 and 1910. pp. 63–69. (PDF)
  4. ^ A b Friedrich von Eckardt: Papers left behind by an unfortunate one. Kummer, 1808, p. 48 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  5. ↑ The audience of physics. Lichtenberg's listener (books.google.de)
  6. ↑ lgdb.lnb.lv
  7. ↑ Buchdr. d. especially Kanzellei d. Min. D. Inside: St. Petersburg magazine; ed. by August Oldekop. Buchdr. d. especially Kanzellei d. Min. D. Innern, 1824, p. 75 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  8. ^ Meeting reports of the Courland Society for Literature and Art and the annual report of the Courland Provincial Museum from 1909 and 1910, p. 66. dspace.ut.ee
  9. ^ Baltic Historical Commission (ed.): Entry on Carl Christian Schiemann. In: BBLD - Baltic Biographical Lexicon digital
  10. ↑ On the history and statistics of the Mitau grammar school, by Karl Dannenberg, Festschrift June 17, 1875.
  11. ↑ gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de
  12. ^ Karl Wilhelm Cruse : Curland among the dukes. GA Reyher, Mitau 1837, p. 94 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  13. ^ A b c Johann Friedrich von Recke , Karl Eduard Napiersky , Theodor Beise: General writers and scholars lexicon of the provinces of Livonia, Esthland and Courland . Third volume: LR. Mitau 1831, pp. 461-463.
  14. ^ Intelligence sheet of the General. Lit. Zeitg. 1792, no.40.
  15. ^ Johann Friedrich von Recke, Karl Eduard Napiersky, Theodor Beise: General writers and scholars lexicon of the provinces of Livonia, Esthland and Courland. 3rd volume: LR. Mitau 1831, p. 462, 4 ()
  16. ↑ Self-biography of Pastor JG W v. Reason. In: Reports of the meetings of the Courland Society for Literature and Art. Born in 1909 and 1910, p. 63.
  17. ↑ Maximilian Gritzner : III. Volume, Section 11, The Nobility of the Russian Baltic Provinces. - Second part: The non-enrolled nobility. 1901, p. 158, Tfl. 103 [1]
  18. ↑ Санктпетербургскія Сенатскія Вѣдомости, March 31, 1850
  19. ↑ dspace.ut.ee
  20. ↑ archive.org
  21. ↑ August Seraphim: The History of the Duchy of Courland. Рипол Классик, 1904, ISBN 978-5-87799-182-8 , p. 221. ( limited preview in Google Book search).
personal data
SURNAME Raison, Friedrich Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Raisonn, Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht Karl Maximilian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Statesman and scholar
DATE OF BIRTH January 13, 1726
PLACE OF BIRTH Coburg
DATE OF DEATH November 20, 1791
Place of death Mitau