Friedrich von Raussendorf

Friedrich von Raussendorf (* around 1380; † around 1430 in Spremberg , Upper Lusatia) was the first (Catholic) pastor of the Spremberg parish (around 1420 to around 1430), today the city of Neusalza-Spremberg , and an opponent of the Hussite movement in Bohemia.

Life

Origin and early years

Friedrich von Rawsendorff came from the old noble family von Raussendorf , resident in Silesia , which has been traceable in Upper Lusatia since the 13th century and acquired considerable property there. At the end of the 14th century (1392), the von Raussendorfs were joined by the Bohemian King Wenzel IV - Upper Lusatia was a neighboring country to the Bohemian crown - with the villages of Spremberg , Friedersdorf , Taubenheim and Sohland in the Weichbild (judicial district) of Bautzen and Petrikau Breslau enfeoffed. Before 1408 the property was sold to Heinrich von Raussendorf. The confirmation was made by King Wenzel on August 30, 1408. This Heinrich as the new Spremberg landlord could have been the father of Friedrich and Sigmund von Raussendorf, who after his death before 1430 can be documented as pastor and landlord of Spremberg. Heinrich von Raussendorf has been handed down as "perhaps the most active of the whole family".

Noble village chaplain

Friedrich was apparently the younger of the two brothers and therefore not entitled to inheritance. But since Sigmund's Spremberger estate as a knight's seat was sufficient for the maintenance of the rural aristocratic family, the livelihood of his brother Friedrich was also considered secure, who during this time decided to go to a Catholic clergyman and after the ordination became a pastor in Spremberg.

In the time of Heinrich von Raussendorf and his sons, the Hussite people's movement (1415–1436 / 37) was formed in the Kingdom of Bohemia , which also encompassed Upper Lusatia . The supporters of the Czech reformer and preacher Jan Hus , who died as a heretic at the stake in Constance by judgment of the papal curia and the emperor Sigismund in 1415 , then intensified their political and military struggle against the papal church, the imperial rule, the powerful Bohemian feudal powers and the patriciate of the rich cities of Bohemia and Lusatia , especially the hated Upper Lusatian six-city federation . But manors, churches and monasteries were also to hit the anger of the Hussites.

Adversary of the Hussites

As early as 1426 her father, the Spremberger knight Heinrich von Raussendorf, fought the Hussites in the battle of Aussig , in which the Bohemians were victorious. Heinrich managed to escape. Two years later - shortly before his death - on May 28, 1428, in view of the threatening danger of the Hussites , he supported the Six Towns of Bautzen by employing 35 of his Spremberg farmers to work on the town fortifications. Friedrich von Raussendorf, on the other hand, preached from the Spremberger pulpit against the Hussites as heretics. The Spremberg Church was considered important and wealthy in the area during Catholic times.

During this warlike time, the aristocratic pastor and his brother Sigmund, the Spremberger landlord, got involved in campaigns with fatal consequences. Both of them made a self-interested pact with the northern Bohemian robber baron Mikusch (Mixi Panzer) von Smoyn, lord of the Friedewald Castle near Böhmisch-Kamnitz , who was plundering in the area between Bautzen and Löbau . He was not an ally of the Hussites, but an enemy of the Six Cities. The von Raussendorfs zu Spremberg and Heinze von Lotticze (Luttiz), Herr zu Friedersdorf , and their subjects secretly gave Mixi tanks support and shelter, so that the noble robber could not be caught by the governor of Upper Lusatia in Bautzen. The Spremberg parish served as a kind of "conspiratorial center" during these actions.

During the Hussite campaigns against Bautzen and Löbau in 1429 and 1431, the village of Spremberg was also haunted and its church burnt down, apparently in revenge. Since the traditions are then silent about Friedrich and Sigmund von Raussendorf, it can be concluded that both escaped or perished during the Hussite attack. Strangely enough, there is no news of the history of Spremberg for the next six decades up to 1488. However, the Spremberg village church was rebuilt in 1432, as documented by a plaque with the inscription "Anno 1432", which was on the north wall of the nave of the church that was demolished at that time and is now lost.

literature

• Paul Arras: The Confessions of 1430. Communicated from the court book 1430 in the Bautzen city archive. In: Neues Lausitzisches Magazin (NLM), Volume 77, Görlitz 1901, pp. 247-260 ( digitized version ).
• Walter Heinich: Spremberg. Attempt on a local history of the parish village Spremberg in the Saxon Upper Lusatia. Schirgiswalde 1918.
• Jürgen Hönicke: "Robber barons ' castles" and the six cities. In: Löbauer Journal. Issue 7, Löbau 1997.
• Hermann Knothe : History of the Upper Lusatian nobility and its goods from the XIII. until the end of the XVI. Century. Leipzig 1879.
• Lutz Mohr : Hussites and robber barons in and around Spremberg. History and legend. In: History and stories from Neusalza-Spremberg. Volume 3, Kultur- und Heimatfreunde e. V., Neusalza-Spremberg 2007, pp. 24-29.
• Lutz Mohr: Spremberg about 580 years ago - historical personalities of the local history: Friedrich von (Rawsendorff) Raussendorf (around 1380-around 1430). In: Official journal of the administrative association for the city of Neusalza-Spremberg with the district Friedersdorf and the communities Dürrhennersdorf and Schönbach. 17/2012/4, p. 8