Frithjof (ship, 1895)
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|---|---|
 The Frithjof in Kiel, 1900 |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Protected cruiser |
| Shipyard |
Marine shipyard , Horten , hull |
| Launch | November 15, 1895 |
| delivery | 1896 |
| Removed from ship register | 1928 |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
1360 t, maximum 1427 t |
| length |
68.2 m over everything |
| width |
9.88 m |
| Draft |
4.0 m |
| crew |
154 men |
| drive |
6 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
15 kn |
| Range |
2300 nm at 10 kn |
| Armament |
2 × 120 mm Armstrong guns, |
| Coal supply |
160 t |
|
Armor deck |
|
The Frithjof, which was put into service in 1896, was a small armored cruiser of the Norwegian Navy , which called the ship a 1st class gunboat (Norwegian "1st class kanonbåt"). The ship was built from 1895 to 1896 at the Karljohansvern Werft , the main naval shipyard , in Horten and was a slightly modified replica of the Viking delivered in 1891 . The ship was taken out of the fleet list in 1908 and removed from the naval cadet training ship in 1928.
Building history
The Norwegian Navy developed a defense doctrine in 1877 that provided for passive coastal defense with gunboats in three different classes. She therefore lacked ocean-going ships. The naval shipyard in Horten built eight 2nd class gunboats of the Rendell type between 1874 and 1894, starting with the Uller , and four 1st class gunboats, starting with the Sleipner, weighing 730 t.
The last "1st class gunboat" built according to this doctrine was the Frithjof , which was slightly larger than the Viking delivered in 1891 .
These last gunboats, known abroad as protected cruisers because of their armored deck , were not a successful design. Compared to the coastal armored ships emerging at the same time , they were only lightly armed and insufficiently armored. With a top speed of only 15 knots, they were too slow for cruisers of their size.
The Frithjof was a small three-chimney ship. Its armament with two 120 mm L / 44- Armstrong cannons type Y, four 76-mm-L / 40-Armstrong rapid fire guns type N, four 37-mm-L / 45 Hotchkiss - automatic cannon and a 450 mm -Bug torpedo tube was quite considerable for the size of the ship, but the engine power and the top speed were insufficient for a cruiser. The 32 mm thick armored deck with Harvey type plates protected the engine rooms.
The Frithjof was slightly rebuilt in 1908 for use as a cadet ship. However, she never received a fundamental modernization during her service until 1928.
Mission history
The Frithjof came into service in 1896. In 1897 the cruiser was sent as the Norwegian representative to the fleet parade on the Spithead on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the throne of the British Queen Victoria . In 1900 she took part in a visit to a Norwegian association in Kiel, which also included the coastal armored ship Tordenskjold , the destroyer Valkyrjen and four new torpedo boats of the Storm type .
When Norway broke away from the union with Sweden in 1905, there were no battles, although the Swedish Navy moved a number of units to the Kattegat. The four Norwegian coastal armored ships formed the "Skagerrak Squadron" with six torpedo boats 1st class of the Hval type and the destroyer Valkyrjen as a guide boat on the south coast west of the Oslofjord to deal with a feared Swedish attack from the sea on Oslo and the military and industrial installations in To fend off Eastern Norway, an offensive action against Gothenburg was also planned. The other four 1st class torpedo boats and the two cruisers Frithjof and Viking stayed in front of Bergen . A political solution was found before acts of war took place.
In the Norwegian Navy that was subsequently formed, the Frithjof was soon converted into a cadet training ship. In the summer of 1910, the polar researcher Fridtjof Nansen arranged for a research expedition of the Frithjof , led by him, to the sea area east of Greenland to observe the water temperatures and air movements. On the approach, the Frithjof used too much coal and did not reach the target area near 62 ° north. However, the measurements carried out from Ireland together with the simultaneous oceanographic work on the Fram and the Michael Sars provided important information about the Gulf Stream .
During the First World War , Norway remained neutral and its navy was limited to protecting its own territorial waters.
End of the Frithjof
After the war, the Frithjof continued to be used as a training ship and was finally deleted from the fleet list in 1928.
1st class gunboats
Between 1874 and 1894, Carljohansværn Værft in Horten (Norway) built a total of four 1st class gunboats for the Norwegian Navy according to different designs.
| boat | Construction no. | Launch | size | Whereabouts |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleipner | 56 | August 7, 1877 | 732 t, 53.2 m | 1 × 26 cm, 1 × 15 cm cannon, 1900 cadet school ship, 1915 barge, painted in 1919, scrapped in 1935 |
| Ellida | 59 | August 25, 1880 | 1006 t, 58.0 m; Wooden hull | 4 × 152 mm, 1 × 120 mm cannons, 1898 school corvette, 1914 barge, painted in 1925. |
| Viking | 72 | April 2, 1891 | 1200 t, 63.5 m | 2 × 12 cm cannons, painted in 1920, floating hospital |
| Frithjof | 76 | November 15, 1895 | 1360 t, 68.2 m | 2 × 12 cm cannons, painted in 1928. |
literature
- B. Weyer: Taschenbuch der Kriegsflotten , JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich, 1905
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Cruiser Viking , 1891 Horten, 1200 t, 15 kn
- ↑ Destroyer Valkyrjen , 1895 Schichau, 375 t, 23 kn
- ^ Jacob Børresen: Sjømilitære krigsforberedelser i ytre Oslofjord summer 1905. Vestfold University College and Borre Historical Society. borreminne.hive.no ( Memento of the original dated August 11, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (norw.) (accessed April 20, 2012)
- Jump up ↑ Robert S. Pickart, Kjetil Våge, GWK Moore, Ian A. Renfrew, Mads Hvid Ribergaard, Huw C. Davies: Convection in the western North Atlantic subpolar gyre: Do small-scale wind events matter? (PDF; 1.53 MB). In: RR Dickson, J. Meincke, P. Rhines P. (Eds.): Arctic – Subarctic Ocean Fluxes . Springer, Dordrecht 2008, pp. 629-652, ISBN 978-1-4020-6773-0 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-1-4020-6774-7_27 (English).
