Fram (ship, 1892)

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Fram
Amundsen-Fram.jpg
Ship data
flag NorwayNorway Norway
Ship type Research ship
Launch 1892
Commissioning 1892
Whereabouts Museum ship in Oslo
Ship dimensions and crew
length
39.0 m ( Lüa )
36.25 m ( KWL )
31.5 m ( Lpp )
width 11.0 m
Draft Max. 4.75 m
displacement 800  t
 
crew 16 men
Machine system
machine Compound steam engine
Machine
performance
220 hp (162 kW)
Top
speed
7 kn (13 km / h)
propeller 1
Rigging and rigging
Rigging More beautiful
Number of masts 3
Sail area 602 m²

The Fram (Norwegian for forward ; pronunciation with a short a) is a ship completed in 1892 and used by Norwegian polar explorers from 1893–1912. The Fram was designed to be able to drift in the pack ice without being damaged by the enormous pressure of the ice. In addition, the ship was well insulated because of the low temperatures in the polar regions.

The initiative for the construction came from Fridtjof Nansen ; he gave Colin Archer , the renowned Norwegian ship designer from Larvik , in 1890 the order to build the Fram .

No wooden ship ever sailed - either in the south or in the north - at higher latitudes than the Fram . The Fram was en route for expeditions until 1914 and was landed in 1935. The ship is exhibited with the superstructure from 1902 in the Frammuseum in Oslo .

construction

Trunk cross-section
Deck of the fram

The Fram had a displacement of 800 tons and an unusual triangular-rounded hull cross-section. The outer wall was about 50 cm thick and stiffened with inclined struts inside. The construction was designed in such a way that the ship was lifted by the pressure of the ice and therefore could not be crushed. This idea was later adopted in the construction of the German research vessel Gauß , with which Erich von Drygalski carried out the first German south polar expedition from 1901 to 1903. This shape is said to have contributed to poor stability in the water, which is said to have made sailing in rough seas almost unbearable.

Many ideas for the construction of the ship went back to Nansen: The rudder and the propeller drive were retractable. These precautions served to protect against the ice.

The Fram was rigged as a three- masted schooner and equipped with a triple expansion steam engine . For Amundsen's South Pole expedition, she was the first ocean-going ship in the world to be fitted with a diesel engine . It developed 180 hp (132 kW) and could be reversed to drive backwards.

Expeditions

The Fram has been used on several well-known expeditions:

explorer year expedition
Fridtjof Nansen 1893-1896 North Pole
Otto Sverdrup 1898-1902 Sverdrup Islands
Roald Amundsen 1910-1912 South Pole

Conversions

Over time, the Fram has been rebuilt several times by its users. In the Frammuseum in Oslo, the different versions are shown as models (broad jib and stag jib were not placed at the same time - as shown in model 5).

Framuseum

The Fram was in a dock from 1912 to 1920 , but received no maintenance and began to disintegrate. On the initiative of Lars Christensen , Otto Sverdrup and Oscar Wisting was Fram restored in the 1920s. From 1935 the ship was exhibited under a roof in the specially built Framuseum on the Bygdøy peninsula ( Oslo ). Visitors can see the ship, which has been fitted with the original interior. The three polar journeys of the Fram are also shown in the museum ; There is also an extensive exhibition on the Arctic and Antarctic regions. As the museum has no heating or air conditioning, warm clothing is recommended, especially in winter.

Names after the Fram

See also

literature

  • Tor Borch Sannes: The Fram: Adventure Polar Expedition . Hoffmann et al. Campe, Hamburg 1986, ISBN 3-455-08252-1 .

Web links

Commons : Fram (ship, 1892)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Frammuseet: Die Fram ( Memento of the original from May 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.fram.museum.no
  2. mercedes-benz-publicarchive.com/marsClassic/de/instance/picture/Ananze.xhtml?oid=249074

Coordinates: 59 ° 54 ′ 12 "  N , 10 ° 41 ′ 58"  E