Gönninger tufa
The Gönninger Travertine is a freshwater limestone , which in Gönningen , a district of Reutlingen in Baden-Wuerttemberg was dismantled. Lime tuffs are widespread in Baden-Württemberg and have been removed in many places. Most of the deposits are now (2014) exhausted. The Gönninger tufa was formed in the Holocene , that is, only in the last 10,000 years since the last glacial period.
Occurrence
On a stretch of around 3.5 kilometers on the upper reaches of the Wiesaz , from the Talmühle to Gönningen, there are five terraces with meter-high limestone steps on a stretch where the former quarries were located.
Leaking calcareous spring water formed this tufa deposits when the calcium carbonate contained in them was precipitated and deposited. The lime collected on limestone bars or settled on the terrace steps. The Gönninger tufa is in solid, loosened or only partially solidified form. The thickness of the rock layer varies between 8 and 14 meters. Lime tufa sands are sometimes switched between solidified and less solidified deposits.
Rock description
This light gray to whitish type of rock is a rock with sometimes large pores. The Gönninger tufa is characterized by different qualities. The diverse areas of education favored this. In the still water areas near Gönningen, pores in which fine-grained sediments were deposited could fill. This tufa consists of lime-coated reeds, grasses, mosses, leaves, other freshwater plants and organic components.
use
This natural stone is frost-resistant. It is not resistant to aggressions and cannot be polished. It was mainly used as a brick, door and window reveals as well as occasionally for sacred sculptures . But it was also used for cladding facades.
In Gönningen this natural stone was used for the construction of the Church of St. Peter and Paul, the town hall and the former school. Numerous buildings in Gönningen were built with this tufa in the 19th and 20th centuries. In Reutlingen, the Christ Church and the facade of the AOK building are made of Gönninger tuff. In addition to other rocks, this tufa, like others from Baden-Württemberg, was used in the construction of the Olympic Stadium and on the Nazi party rally grounds in Nuremberg. The bricks of the church facades of the churches from 1475 to 1501 in Bad Urach are also made of Gönninger tufa.
The town hall in Gönningen with a clearly recognizable arcade made of Gönninger tufa
The new school building in Gönningen was built from Gönningen limestone tuff.
Gönningen's municipal baking house (1867), which is a listed building, consists of Gönningen tuff.
Church of St. Peter and Paul in Gönningen made of Gönninger tufa (originally Romanesque, later rebuilt in Neo-Gothic)
The Christ Church in Reutlingen made of Gönninger tufa
The curtain wall of the AOK building in Reutlingen consists of Gönninger tufa.
The bricks of the Amandus Church in Bad Urach consist of Gönninger and Seeburg tufa . The corner cuboids are made of Weißjura mass limestone .
Dismantling
The tufa deposits in Wiesaztal were mined for centuries. The walls that were built up in the 11th century during the construction of the Gönninger castle by the Lords of Stöffeln are considered to be the first use of Gönninger limestone tuff . In the course of time numerous small quarries were created. Before the industrialization of mining, this rock was loosened with the help of stone splitting tools and levers . Gönninger tufa, a soft rock , can in fact break wet with state stone axes formed or with a hand saw and to be processed. A hand saw was operated by two workers and was mainly used to make bricks. In 1912 Wilhelm Schwarz bought part of the quarries and founded the Gönninger tuff factory . The industrialization of this mining began. This rock was mined mechanically with a mobile, fuel-powered sword saw , whereby rough blocks of up to 4 m² could be extracted. The raw blocks were then transported to the factory halls and cut into the desired panel format with a gang saw . The stone residues obtained during processing were ground and hollow blocks were cast from them, the so-called swallow stones. Furthermore, artificial stones were made from lime tuffs and loose lime sands that could not be used for stone production.
When the mining operation ended in 1975, the quarries extended over an area of approximately 20 hectares . The Reutlingen Forestry Office renatured this area, creating three lakes in the former quarries. An approximately five kilometer long tufa hiking trail with information boards leads through this landscape area.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Roman Koch: Kalktuffe . In: Natural stone from Baden-Württemberg - occurrence, procurement and use , pp. 332/333. Edited by State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining. Rüsselsheim 2013. ISBN 978-300-041100-7
- ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Roman Koch: Kalktuffe . In: Natural stone from Baden-Württemberg - occurrence, procurement and use , p. 334. Ed. State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining. Rüsselsheim 2013. ISBN 978-300-041100-7
- ↑ a b c Tufa educational path ( memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at goenningen.info, accessed December 9, 2014
- ↑ Wolfgang Werner, Roman Koch: Kalktuffe . In: Natural stone from Baden-Württemberg - occurrence, procurement and use , p. 327. Ed. State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining. Rüsselsheim 2013. ISBN 978-300-041100-7
