Gönningen

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Gönningen
City of Reutlingen
Former municipal coat of arms of Gönningen
Coordinates: 48 ° 25 ′ 54 ″  N , 9 ° 9 ′ 8 ″  E
Height : 521  (500-869)  m
Area : 15.67 km²
Residents : 3833  (Oct. 2019)
Population density : 245 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : 1st January 1971
Postal code : 72770
Area code : 07072

Gönningen , a formerly independent municipality in the Reutlingen district in Baden-Württemberg (until 1938 assigned to the Tübingen regional authority), has been the southernmost of the twelve districts (districts) of the southwest German district town of Reutlingen since the municipal reform of 1971 .

With 1567 hectares , Gönningen has the second largest municipal area of all Reutlingen districts after the core city district of Reutlingen-Mitte .

geography

View of Gönningen, view in northeast direction from the Roßbergturm , about the center of the picture above Gönningen the connected elevations Stöffelberg and Pfullinger Berg on the flank of the Wiesaz valley opposite the Roßberg (June 2005)

The center of Gönningens is located about ten kilometers southwest of the Reutlingen core city center at the foot of the Albtrauf , the northern edge of the central Swabian Alb , in the upper valley of the Wiesaz , flanked by the Albergebungen of the Roßberg (in the southwest) and the Stöffelberg and Pfullinger Berg (in the northeast) . In the northwest, Gönningen borders on the area-related smallest Reutlingen district Bronnweiler , in the northeast on the core city district. The closest independent municipalities are the town of Pfullingen (in the east), the municipality of Sonnenbühl with its suburb of Genkingen (in the south) and the town of Mössingen with the district of Öschingen (in the west) belonging to the Tübingen district .

Within the Gönninger denunciation is located east this as a natural monument advertised fen White Reute. In the south-east of the village lies the local recreation area of the Gönninger Lakes , created from the basins of a former mining site of Gönninger Kalktuff , in which three small lakes have formed through the damming of the Wiesaz. State roads 230 (connection Gomaringen - Sonnenbühl) and 383 (connection Gönningen - Mössingen ) run through the village . Above the Gönninger Lakes, the Albaufstieg of the Gönninger - or Genkinger Steige (section of the state road 230) - leads out of the Reutlingen city area to Sonnenbühl- Genkingen, the closest community on the Alb plateau.

history

View of Gönningen from Andreas Kieser's forest inventory books, 1683
Gönninger Rathaus, which also houses the Seed Trade Museum
The so-called “Käshaus”, historically a Gönninger wine tavern and seed shop. The building was built in the 15th century. The name “Käshaus” arises from the fact that the seed dealers resident in the house brought cheese with them from their trade trips and also offered them for sale in the wine tavern. In the late 1970s, one of the first on-site residential communities from the alternative movement moved into the building (photograph from April 2011).

The place name broadcast -ingen suggests an Alemannic foundation. Merovingian grave finds in the immediate vicinity also speak for this . Gönningen was first mentioned in a document as Ginningen in 1092. From 1180, the lords of Stöffeln ruled the place , under whom Gönningen received city ​​rights for a short time . In 1300 the city was sold to Count Eberhard von Württemberg . Well that was sold along Burg those of Stöffeln on the Stöffelberg. Only rudimentary ruins remain from the former castle. The local rule changed several times, but the place remained for the longest time with the Oberamt Tübingen . Belonging to the district of Reutlingen from 1938, Gönningen was incorporated into the city of Reutlingen on January 1, 1971 as part of the municipal reform.

In addition to the mining of Gönninger tufa from the High Middle Ages until 1975 , Gönningen gained national economic and historical importance, especially from the beginning of the modern era as a trading community. As such, Gönningen had its heyday in the 18th and 19th centuries. In particular, the seed trade , which for a time almost half of Gönninger's citizens followed as traveling traders, made the place well known across Europe right up to the area around the Russian Tsar's court . The influence of the Gönningen seed dealers extended to the legislative process of the Reichstag in 1896 , when a local delegation presented to the committee to amend the trade regulations and, with the support of Reichstag members Friedrich Payer ( DVP ) and Gustav Siegle ( NLP ), succeeded in getting the Trade in vegetable seeds was allowed as an exception in the law, which provided for a nationwide ban on peddling . This paragraph was the exception in the Empire as " Lex Gönningen " hawked . Due to the technological ( logistical and traffic-related ), infrastructural and political upheavals in the course of the First World War and its subsequent developments, the seed trading business in Gönningen declined significantly from the mid-1910s. The corresponding tradition is remembered on site with various events, a memorial and a seed trade museum.

From the middle / end of the 1970s, Gönningen became an attraction for the alternative movement due to its rural, natural, yet relatively large city location and low rents , especially for students at the Protestant University of Applied Sciences for Social Sciences , the University of Education (Faculty for Special Education ) and, to a smaller extent, the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen . One of the first residential communities on site, initially viewed with suspicion by some long-established patrons, moved into the so-called “Käshaus”. This was followed by the founding of several other residential communities scattered throughout the local area. Many of its residents, including the district mayor Christel Pahl, who has been in office since the end of 2009, or the songwriter Thomas Felder , who has become known nationwide , stayed in Gönningen, founded families and played a key role in shaping Gönningen's cultural and political life to the present day.

coat of arms

The golden (yellow) head of the shield with the black deer stick on the ground refers to a symbol of Count Eberhard, who in 1300 bought the "town" from the Lords of Stöffeln. The blue underlined golden (yellow) hunting horn with a fetter in the lower part of the escutcheon could, as only guesses suggest, indicate an original lying G, as it appeared in Gönningen's old stamp. The coat of arms was finally determined in 1942 by agreement with the archives department, but it was not formally awarded by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Interior until 1965.

Tulip blossom

The Gönningen tradition of planting tulips on the graves of relatives began around the middle of the 19th century . A luxury that not all villages could afford at the time. But because the Gönningen residents were very successful with the seed trade, they were able to afford the expensive tulip bulbs. The tulip blossom then emerged from a kind of marketing strategy by the Gönningens seed dealers. They wanted to show their wealth and therefore presented the precious tulips in every imaginable color nuance in the park-like cemetery. This advertising distinguished them as knowledgeable professionals. After the Gönninger tulip blossom disappeared for a while, this custom was resumed in autumn 2004. More and more people are traveling to Gönningen again in order to be able to admire up to 45,000 blooming tulips in public places, in the front gardens and in the cemetery from mid-April.

Rossberg

Roßberg Tower (Photography 2018)

The Roßberg , at 870  m above sea level. NHN, the highest mountain in the Reutlingen urban area, is a popular destination. The observation tower offers a view over the edge of the Swabian Alb, and on clear days as far as the Alps.

Seed trade museum

The museum in the town hall of the former seed trading community of Gönningen shows objects from the centuries-old trading tradition of the place.

In addition to many documents and testimonials that prove the Gönninger's trade trips in Europe and beyond, the reconstruction of a seed merchant packing room can also be seen.

Engine shed

The former locomotive shed was built in 1900 with a workshop and water tower. The locomotive shed has been operated by the Förderverein Lokschuppen e. V. used as a cultural center.

In order to guarantee economic sales, the place was connected to the "big wide world" in 1902 with a branch line of the Württemberg railway . The " Gönninger Bähnle " not only created a characteristic local stamp. Stories and anecdotes about the train and its locomotives, called "Somaschell", are still widespread on site today. Since the Gönninger station was a dead end station , the "Somaschell" were serviced in the locomotive shed, the workshop hall for the locomotives. After the route was abandoned in 1985, the locomotive shed remained almost unused for around 17 years.

With the prospect of the 100th anniversary of the "Gönninger Bähnles", a citizens' initiative was formed with the participation of the district council and the associations, which, with civic commitment and with the support of the city of Reutlingen, expanded the locomotive shed into a citizen and cultural center. The locomotive shed was inaugurated in its new purpose right on time in the anniversary year 2002. Since then, the engine shed has been used for all kinds of events and has already gained a national reputation as a cultural center.

Pictures from Gönningen

  • Half-timbered house I (photography July 2010)

  • Half-timbered house II (photography July 2010)

  • 6 m high Wiesaz waterfall (photography June 2009)

  • Course of the Wiesaz at the lower Gönninger See (photography December 2007)

  • The old brick linden tree (photograph early October 2006)

Others

St. Peter and Paul
  • The poet Konrad von Stoffeln, who wrote an Arthurian novel in the 13th century, probably comes from the von Stöffeln family.
  • Gönningen describes itself as a seed trading community . There is a corresponding seed trading museum about this globally unique trading tradition. Martin Scheible designed the seed dealer memorial in 1943 .
  • There are three churches in the village: the Protestant Peter and Paul Church, the Catholic St. Michael Church and the New Apostolic Church. The oldest of the three church buildings is the local church of St. Peter and Paul , which has been Protestant since the Reformation and is located in the center of the village . It was originally a high Romanesque building from the 12th century, which was later gradually converted into a Gothic style , most recently in a neo-Gothic style in the 19th century . The narrow windows of the tower had been created as defensive loopholes.
  • The Roßbergschule Gönningen consists of a primary school and a secondary school with a total of around 260 students.
  • From 1902 to 1976 a small train ran between Gönningen and Reutlingen.
  • Professor August Dieterlen (* 1847 in Gönningen; † 1923 in Stuttgart) became an honorary citizen of Giengen an der Brenz in 1909 .
  • The 450-year-old old brick lime tree stands on Öschinger Straße .
  • Gönningen and the seed trade are the focus of the historical novel "The Seed Trader" by Petra Durst-Benning . Based on this novel, ZDF produced a feature film of the same name in 2011 (directed by Michael Keusch , leading role by Henriette Richter-Röhl ).

Personalities born in Gönningen

literature

  • Paul Ackermann: The Gönninger: "a Völklein freshly revitalized". Past and present of a district of Reutlingen , Stadtarchiv, Reutlingen 1992, ISBN 3-927228-37-0 .
  • Paul Ackermann / Christel Pahl (eds.): Gönninger heads. Biographical sketches of local history , self-published, Reutlingen 2017, ISBN 978-3-00-054756-0 .
  • City of Reutlingen, Office for Urban Development and Surveying: Gönningen local development concept , 35 pages, Reutlingen 2009 ( online as a PDF file )
  • Brochure of the Swabian Alb Association (publisher): Historical circular route through Gönningen ( online as PDF file )
  • Klaus Kemmler: Where the Roßberg's head rises. The history of a Gönninger seed dealer family , Knödler, Reutlingen 1991, ISBN 3-87421-985-2 .
  • Wilhelm Kinkelin: Heimatbuch Gönningen , Moegle, Gönningen 1952.
  • Hans Schimpf: Gönningen. A survival story , city administration, Reutlingen 1988.
  • Astrid Wendt / Martina Schröder: The Gönningen Seed Trade Museum , City Administration, Reutlingen 2002.

Web links

Commons : Gönningen  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Gönningen in the description of the Oberamt Tübingen from 1867  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Living in Reutlingen - population. City of Reutlingen, accessed on November 7, 2019 .
  2. ^ City of Reutlingen, Office for Urban Development and Surveying: Gönningen local development concept , Reutlingen 2009, page 5
  3. ↑ Gönninger Seen on goenningen.info ( memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.goenningen.info
  4. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 531 .
  5. ↑ Gönningen? There was something ... cultural-historical report about the Gönninger seed trade on dradio. de (Germany radio)
  6. ↑ Dr. Klaus Kemmler: Farewell to the seed trade? Online summary of the economic and cultural history of the Gönninger seed trade and its perspectives up to the present day, reference point around the end of the first third of the text (heading “Time events”).
  7. ↑ Explanation of the Gönninger coat of arms on reutlingen.de
  8. ↑ The knight with the goat. Konrad von Stoffeln 'Gauriel von Muntabel'. Newly edited, introduced and commented on by Wolfgang Achnitz. Tübingen 1997 (texts and text history 46)
  9. ↑ Brochure of the Swabian Alb Association (Ed.): Historischer Rundweg durch Gönningen , page 8, section 6: Evangelical Church of St. Peter and Paul ( online as a PDF file ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: Der Archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this note. ) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.goenningen.info
  10. ↑ Information about the film on the ZDF website, accessed on January 4, 2012
  11. ↑ District archive Esslingen EN 461 Bü. 117