Bombardier double-deck car
The Bombardier double-deck coaches (English Bombardier Double-deck coach ) are originally from the wagon Görlitz designed double-deck coaches , which after the transition to Bombardier Transportation were continued in 1998 under their own brand, and in the younger generations under the name Bombardier TWINDEXX Vario are marketed.
Definition
In German-speaking countries, the manufacturer only calls this type of car Bombardier double-decker , as only these types are in use here. The Bombardier double-decker cars described here should not be confused with the BiLevel and MultiLevel cars (multi-level cars) for the markets in North America . All English terms used in the product names BiLevel Coach ( two-level cars ), Multi-Level Coach ( multi-level car ) and Double-deck coach (double deck) are in German uniform with Doppelstockwagen translated. To distinguish it, colloquially the term Bombardier DD double-decker car is also used.
history
The first double-decker cars at the Görlitz location were manufactured in 1935 by Waggon- und Maschinenbau Görlitz for the LBE's double-decker streamlined push-pull train . Three of the eight cars came from this company. After the Second World War , two- and four-part double-decker units based on the model of the LBE vehicles as well as five-part double-decker articulated trains, each in several versions, were developed. From the experience with the multi-part units, which are difficult to adapt to fluctuating demand, because they cannot be separated during operation, a new type of car, the "double-decker standard seat car", emerged from 1970. Two prototypes were built in 1971 and presented to the public at the 1972 Leipzig spring fair. With these two cars, the entrances were for the first time in the lower floor. With a platform height of 550 mm, this resulted in stepless entry, with 380 or 760 mm only one step had to be overcome. External sliding doors were also provided. The dispensing with step boxes and door pockets made it possible to simplify the box construction while at the same time increasing rigidity and reducing the risk of corrosion. In 1974 the series production of middle and control cars began . During the production period, they were continuously developed, for example the Deutsche Reichsbahn received wagons with disc brakes from 1986 . The cars were also exported in large numbers to Czechoslovakia, Poland and Romania.
After German reunification, Waggonbau Görlitz, now part of Deutsche Waggonbau AG (DWA), worked on the next generations.
The trolleys have been marketed under the name TWINDEXX Vario since 2009 . In 2010, the Swiss Federal Railways ordered the high-speed version Twindexx Express with the SBB RABe 502 .
variants
First generation
The first generation of double-decker single cars from Waggonbau Görlitz was built in 1974 (pre-series, recognizable by the entrance doors with asymmetrical Kiekert locks) and from 1976 to 1991, they were delivered to the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the state railways of Bulgaria , Poland , Romania and Czechoslovakia . Control cars were not exported. In the first years of construction, the wagons were delivered with type Görlitz VI K-Do bogies with block brakes, and since 1986 with Görlitz VI S-Do type bogies and thus with disc brakes.
The permissible speed of these cars was 120 km / h. The energy supply for the wagons built up to 1985 is provided by axle generators, then via the train busbar. Because of the area of application, only single voltage supply units were installed. The air heating could be operated electrically or with steam, with the switch to the central energy supply the steam heating option was no longer available.
Second generation
After the turnaround , VEB Waggonbau Görlitz was privatized and continued as a GmbH . The now almost twenty-year-old design of the double-decker car has been revised. Between 1992 and 1993, 100 second-generation cars that could be used at 140 km / h were produced for the Deutsche Reichsbahn and Deutsche Bundesbahn . The DB received intermediate cars based on the model of the Zurich S-Bahn cars with entrances to the mezzanine above the bogies , the DR control cars with the well-proven entrances to the lower deck. The control car of this series was assigned the type number 760.
New were an enlarged car body cross-section, which significantly improved the headroom of the window seats on the upper floor, when closed, swivel sliding doors flush with the outside wall for better mechanical exterior cleaning and a driver's desk based on the model of the DR series 243 and the additional time-multiplex push-pull train control for the control car . When using them, the full functionality of the control is available in the same way as when driving from the locomotive, including speed and traction preselection.
Third generation
After the merger of the two German state railways to form Deutsche Bahn (DB AG) in 1994 and the conversion of Waggonbau Görlitz to the DWA Görlitz plant of DWA AG in 1995, 89 third-generation wagons were produced for DB AG between 1994 and 1997, 31 of which were improved Version with air conditioning. Control cars with entry in the lower floor, which were designed for a platform height of 760 millimeters, were created especially for use in North Rhine-Westphalia. They can be recognized by an additional folding step.
Fourth generation
In 1997 DWA AG was taken over by Bombardier. The fourth generation of the double-decker cars developed in this year, some of which were registered up to 160 km / h, was sold until 2008.
Fifth generation
In 2008, Bombardier introduced the fifth generation of Görlitz double-decker cars, known in Germany as Dosto 2010 . Internationally, the manufacturer designates trains with these wagons, for regional or long-distance traffic as TWINDEXX Vario , and a derived high-speed train as "TWINDEXX Express". This was developed with modified car bodies for the Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) under the name SBB RABe 502 as a multiple unit.
See also
- List of double-decker cars of the Deutsche Bahn
- DB class 670 - DWA double-decker rail bus from 1996
- DB series 445 - DWA double-deck experimental motor vehicle from 1998
- Bombardier OMEO - double-decker multiple unit variant for France from 2010
- SBB RABe 502 - Swiss double-decker railcar from 2013
Web links
- Double deck car - Germany on the Bombardier website
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bombardier Transportation: TWINDEXX - A New Era of Rail Travel. ( Memento of October 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Product brochure (PDF, 9.5 MB)