Gajda (bagpipe)
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Gajda (other spellings gajde, gaida, Gajdy , Bulgarian Гайда , Greek Γκάϊντα Nkáïnta ; Albanian gajde / -yes , Turkish gayda , Macedonian and Serbian - Cyrillic гајда ) is a bagpipe , on the southern Balkan peninsula , there particularly in the region of Thrace , is common. The distribution areas include Northern Greece , Bulgaria , North Macedonia , parts of Serbia and the European part of Turkey . There are two models: the smaller džura Gajda higher tone in Northern Bulgaria and is Dobrogea played, whereas the kaba Gajda ( Bulgarian Каба Гайда , Greek Καμπά Γκάϊντα ) refers to a deep-sounding bagpipe that in the Rhodopes is located.
construction
The gajda consists of a windsock (often made of goat skin with the hide turned inward) and wooden parts, rarely also made of stag horn . These include a blowing pipe (Bulgarian lapalo or duchalo ), the approximately 30 cm long chanter ( kawal or gajduniza ) with 8 holes and a bass drone pipe up to 60 cm long ( ruchilo or buchali ).
The chanter has eight finger holes, seven on the front and one for the thumb on the back. The top of the seven holes is easily blocked with a bird's feather. The timbre of the gajda depends largely on the chanter, but also its mood and purity of tone. Another important part is the ruchilo , the drone pipe. It consists of three tubes stacked on top of each other and is 80 to 90 cm long for large bagpipes.
distribution
Bagpipes in Macedonia , Albania , Kosovo , Serbia and Croatia are written gajde and in Slovakia gajdy . The legend of the Greek instrument is gaida , the Bulgarian gajda or gaida . In Turkey, the Thracian bagpipe is called gayda and is differentiated from the tulum on the eastern Black Sea coast . The Spanish gaita is also related to the gajda . The word context probably also includes the Arabic double-reed instrument ghaita played in the Maghreb , as well as the algaita south of the Sahara derived from it .
The gajda is the main folk instrument in many parts of Bulgaria. It is particularly popular in the Rhodope Mountains . A deep kaba gajda is used there. This one has a large windsock and a long ruchilo . They are available in different moods - c1, b, b, less often a. The most popular is the kaba gajda with the keynote b. This is common in Thrace , Dobruja and other parts of Bulgaria.
The gajda is usually played solo or with the accompaniment of the bass drum. It is usually blown in the village square, but it can also be heard in the house. Only rarely do weddings and village festivals in Bulgaria take place without the bagpipes.
Sounds
The range of the gajda is relatively small. In the low register it is diatonic and in the high register there are semitones . Experienced bagpipers create semitones by half covering the holes and blowing over them. The ruchilo always plays the 5th level of the fundamental , but two octaves lower - that is, the capital G. Most of the melodies end on the 5th level. In rare cases the melody can end on another level (2nd or 3rd), creating a second tonal center in this way .
The songs played on the gajda are characterized by a characteristic beginning: The octave is followed by a glissando - ascent to the highest note, the ninth and then, unexpectedly, a decrease to the fifth . On the gajda , slow, sluggish, ornate and round melodies are performed in a wide variety of time signature . The low tones are used less often in the fast round circle melodies. The highest notes are extraordinarily loud and screeching.
The orchestra "100 Kaba Gajdi" in the Rhodope Mountains with its 100 gajdas achieved particular fame in Bulgaria .
