Gelatinous trembling tooth
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Gelatinous trembling tooth ( Pseudohydnum gelatinosum ) |
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| ( Scop .: Fr. ) P. Karst. |
The Galler term jitter tooth or just shake tooth ( Pseudohydnum gelatinosum ) even ice mushroom , Eiszitterpilz or gelatinous Stache Ling called, is a type of fungus from the order of the ear flap mushroom-like (Auriculariales) with unclear parentage. Because of the spines on the underside of the hat, it belongs to the non-systematic group of mushrooms . It appears in different color variants from pure white to almost black. The fruit bodies are edible but tasteless.
features
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Macroscopic features
The gelatinous-gelatinous fruiting bodies often grow on top of each other like roof tiles and are semicircular to shell-shaped; they rarely appear individually. The hat is 2–8 cm long or wide and 1–1.5 cm thick. The surface can be white, whitish-gray to gray-brown, but also purple to black-brown or approximately black. It has a grainy, warty structure. The underside has 1–4 mm long "spines". The spore powder is white. The stem is usually on the side; seldom it can also sit centrally or be absent entirely. It is whitish-gray to gray-brown in color. The meat ( trama ) has no taste of its own.
Microscopic features
The round to almost round and smooth-walled spores have a diameter of 4.5–8 micrometers. The spore stands ( basidia ) are divided lengthways and have sterigms up to 20 micrometers long . There are 4–15 micrometer thick hairs on the surface of the hat.
variability
Since several manifestations of color variations can be observed in the trembling tooth, it can be assumed that these are caused by ecological, seasonal or age-related factors. However, this has not yet been confirmed. Fruiting bodies with different color nuances can appear on the same substrate, at the same time and in young and old specimens.
Species delimitation
The trembling tooth is the only gelatinous mushroom among the sting mushrooms and can therefore be easily distinguished from other mushrooms. Young fruiting bodies that do not yet have spines can be mistaken for whitish glandular ones.
Ecology and phenology
The trembling tooth is found in moist coniferous and mixed forests, such as on northern slopes and in moist ravines. It grows as a saprobiont on rotten to rotted wood; like on damp trunks and stumps, but also on smaller pieces of wood on the ground. The preferred substrate is coniferous wood, especially spruce and also pine and fir trees. It can also very rarely be found on hardwood.
The fruiting bodies appear from late July to early November and sometimes also in December. Individual specimens can appear in protected locations until April.
distribution
The trembling tooth is very common. It is found in the Holarctic , Central and South America , Southeast Asia, and New Zealand . Outside the Holarctic, the fungus can be found in America in Mexico, Panama, Brazil and Colombia, where it usually grows on tropical hardwoods, and in Asia in China, Vietnam and Indonesia. Within the Holarctic, the trembling tooth is distributed submeridional to temperate and oceanic-suboceanic . It can be found in North America in Canada and in the USA, in Asia in Japan and Southeast Siberia as well as in Europe.
In Europe, the fungus is widespread in Central and Eastern Europe. The distribution area extends from Great Britain and France to eastern Poland and the former East Prussia . In the south, the occurrence extends to Italy, Greece (where the fungus is very rare) and western Ukraine. To the north, the distribution extends to the Hebrides and Fennoscandinavia . There it occurs quite frequently up to the 60th parallel, but decreases quickly up to the 50th parallel.
In Germany there is a relatively even distribution from the coast to the Alps . In the Alps, the fungus can be found up to an altitude of 1300, sometimes up to 1500 meters above sea level .
meaning
The shiver mushroom is considered edible and can even be eaten raw as a salad. However, this is questionable because of a possible infection with the fox tapeworm . Therefore, the mushroom should be scalded at least briefly beforehand.
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literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Black Forest Mushroom Teaching Show, 2007, ISSN 0932-920X , p. 246 (incl. CD with over 600 genre descriptions).
- ↑ Michael Kuo: Pseudohydnum gelatinosum . In: MushroomExpert.com . February 2006, accessed January 28, 2015 .
- ↑ a b Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16128-2 , p. 196 .
- ↑ Ewald Gerhardt: BLV determination book mushrooms . Weltbild, Augsburg 2003, ISBN 3-8289-1673-2 .
Web links
- Pseudohydnum gelatinosum at MushroomExpert.com
