Galvarino Apablaza

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Galvarino Sergio Apablaza Guerra (born November 9, 1950 in Santiago de Chile ) is a former Chilean underground fighter, member of the Communist Party of Chile (PCCh) and one of the founders of the Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (FPMR). He headed the latter organization between 1988 and 2001.

biography

First years

Galvarino Sergio is the fourth of six children from Galvarino Apablaza and Luisa Guerra Urrutia. All of the siblings completed their secondary education, but while his siblings went on to work, Galvarino Sergio was the only one who went to university.

In the course of his studies, his political principles were formed after he had joined the Juventudes Comunistas de Chile in 1968 . After his first year of study, he was elected faculty representative in the Chilean student association. After the military coup of September 11, 1973 , Apablaza was arrested and held in various camps, including Londres 38 and the Estadio Nacional de Chile . On September 5, 1974, he and 124 other Chileans were expelled to Panama as a political refugee from the country. For health reasons he decided to move on to Cuba , where he arrived in December 1974. He got his nickname "Compay" there.

Communist resistance

After some time in Havana , he decided to take part in the construction of a "new army for the liberation of Chile from fascism ", in which he achieved the degree of comandante ("Comandante Salvador").

In 1978 he was admitted to the Central Committee of the PCCh - a signal in favor of the party's armed project, without any importance being attached to Apablaza's personal attitudes. In 1979 he traveled with a Chilean contingent to Nicaragua to support the Sandinista in their fight against Anastasio Somoza Debayle .

Apablaza could count on confidants such as the later FPMR leader Raúl Pellegrin and Juan Gutiérrez Fischmann , a brother-in-law of Raúl Castro . In early 1986 Apablaza secretly decided to return to Chile, where he joined the FPMR. After two FPMR operations failed that same year - on the one hand a large-scale arms smuggling, on the other hand an assassination attempt on Augusto Pinochet - Apablaza, who was not involved in the operations himself, had to return to Cuba quickly.

After Pellegrin's death in 1988, Apablaza returned to Chile to become leader of the radical wing FPMR-Autónomo , which had split off from the PCCh a year earlier. Together with Fischmann and Mauricio Hernández Norambuena , Apablaza is said to have ordered the kidnapping of entrepreneur Cristián Edwards and the murder of Senator Jaime Guzmán in 1991, according to subsequent judicial investigations . After he fled to Cuba again, he settled in Argentina in 1994.

In 2000 there were rifts between Apablaza, Fischmann and Hernández, as a result of which Apablaza left the FPMR. In 2001 Apablaza created a new group called Identidad Rodriguista .

Argentine exile

At the instigation of the Chilean judiciary, Interpol issued an international arrest warrant against Apablaza in June 2004 . On November 29, 2004, he was picked up by the Argentine police in Moreno (Buenos Aires) , where he had lived under the false name of Héctor Daniel Mondaca with his partner and children.

Apablaza then spent seven months in custody in Buenos Aires until the judge Claudio Bonadío ruled on July 4, 2005 not to comply with Chile's request for extradition . The reason he cited was that Apablaza's right to a fair trial and defense were impaired in Chile. The next day, Apablaza was released on bail of US $ 3,500 and the condition not to leave the Partido Moreno . The Chilean government appealed against the verdict to the Argentine Supreme Court, while Apablaza applied to the Argentine government for political asylum .

The case was reopened after Norambuena accused Apablaza of being involved in the Guzmán and Edwards cases. Subsequently, the Supreme Court of Argentina approved Apablaza's extradition in September 2010, but held that the executive branch had to make a final decision on the rights of the accused in accordance with the Ley General de Reconocimiento y Protección al Refugiado . On September 30, 2010, the Comisión Nacional de Refugiados finally decided to grant Apablaza political asylum, after which Apablaza was not extradited.

Apablaza's appearance at a memorial event for Carlos Prats in Buenos Aires in September 2014 caused a stir in Chile. Apablaza was withdrawn from his asylum status in December 2017 under the presidency of Mauricio Macris , but his legal representatives were able to prevent extradition to Chile by challenging this decision.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Clarín , El primer proceso a Apablaza , July 4, 2005
  2. ↑ a b La Nación , Apablaza aguarda su destino, recluido en su quinta de Moreno , September 18, 2010
  3. ↑ Perfil , Las razones que expondrá Cristina para darle refugio al ex guerrillero ( Memento from March 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ a b c Diario Publimetro de México, La Corte Suprema argentina autoriza la extradición del chileno Apablaza Guerra , September 14, 2010
  5. ↑ Clarín, Fin del primer proceso a Apablaza , July 5, 2005
  6. ↑ Clarín, Piñera bajo presión de sectores pinochetistas , October 2, 2010
  7. ↑ La Nación, El Gobierno le otorgó asilo político a Apablaza , September 30, 2010
  8. ^ Human Rights Watch : World Report 2011: Events of 2010 . Seven Stories Press, 2011. ISBN 1609801512 . P. 207
  9. ↑ soychile.cl, Galvarino Apablaza apareció en homenaje a Prats en Buenos Aires diciendo que no sabe cuándo volverá a Chile , September 30, 2014
  10. ↑ El Mercurio , UDI exige a Cancillería aclarar presencia de Galvarino Apablaza en homenaje a Prats , October 6, 2014
  11. ↑ Deutsche Welle , El fracaso de Chile con las solicitudes de extradición de exguerrilleros , September 4, 2019
personal data
SURNAME Apablaza, Galvarino
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Apablaza, Galvarino Sergio; Apablaza Guerra, Galvarino Sergio; Apablaza, Sergio Galvarino
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Chilean underground fighter
DATE OF BIRTH November 9, 1950
PLACE OF BIRTH Santiago de Chile