Great stone graves near Eyendorf
| Great stone graves near Eyendorf | |||
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| Coordinates | 53 ° 11 '10.2 " N , 10 ° 8' 46.6" E | ||
| place | Eyendorf , Lower Saxony , Germany | ||
| Emergence | 3500 to 2800 BC Chr. | ||
| Sprockhoff no. | 678 | ||
The megalithic graves near Eyendorf are on the edge of the forest and in a group of birch trees on Märtenberg, south of Eyendorf , a municipality in the Harburg district in Lower Saxony .
The no longer complete large stone graves originated between 3500 and 2800 BC. BC as megalithic systems of the funnel beaker culture (TBK). Two more, heavily destroyed large stone graves without Sprockhoff no. lie on the edge of the forest. The graves were reported to the Völkerkundemuseum Hamburg in 1931 , documented and examined in 1937. Grave 1 was later examined and reconstructed in more detail using Toto Lotto funds. Neolithic monuments are an expression of the culture and ideology of Neolithic societies. Their origin and function are considered to be the hallmarks of social development.
Description grave I
Grave 1 with the Sprockhoff no. 678 is also listed under the name Eyendorf 6 . It is the best preserved grave of this group. Before the excavation in 1965, nothing more than a pile of boulders could be seen in the remains of a hill. The investigation of the Helms Museum under Willi Wegewitz found only a few bearing stones in situ , especially the east end of the chamber was badly disturbed. In the restored condition it shows many interesting details today. The spandrels between the supporting stones of the chamber are again filled with intermediate masonry made of flat stones. Two of the once four cap stones cover the otherwise open chamber. The access in the middle of the southern long side is flanked by two bearing stones. On the floor of the chamber there were remains of two paving stones , one on top of the other . The dimensions of the pavement and the footprints of dragged bearing stones allow the assumption that it was a passage grave. The passage grave is a form of Neolithic megalithic systems , which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.
As expected, there was not much evidence of the burials. In the chamber and near the entrance, two small stone axes and a chisel made of flint , as well as some deeply engraved vessel fragments from the time the passage grave was built, were found. The flint axes inside the chamber indicate that the primary burial was cleared out in the course of the subsequent burials using the spherical amphora culture (KAK) and individual grave culture .
After the excavation, the grave was restored to the state in which it is now open to the public with the help of pioneers from the Bundeswehr . Around the chamber, the mound was re-applied to the top of the bearing stones. The area around Eyendorf is rich in archaeological monuments.
Description grave II
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Grave II, also known as Eyendorf 7 , is about 180 meters from grave I on the edge of the forest. Due to its poor condition, the grave has not yet been examined. In 1937 some undecorated shards were picked up. The stones are randomly scattered and do not allow any interpretation of the shape. Given the size of the stones, however, it seems to have been a chamber. On three stones you can see traces of explosions made by stone cutters who tried to extract building material from the stones. A hill that was still visible in 1951 has almost completely disappeared today. Under certain circumstances, the grave served as a source of sand for building roads. The grave has probably not been destroyed since 1949, which can be proven by comparing images. Grave II was cleaned and slightly exposed in December 2015 as part of a maintenance measure.
Description grave III
Grave III, also known as Eyendorf 8 , is the most heavily damaged grave of this group. When examined in 1937, only a hill with a hole was visible. At that time no stones could be located, so it was unclear whether it was a stone chamber. Today two funnels from old robbery excavations , a slight hill and three large stones can be located. The stones visible today do not show any clear shape and are scattered over a larger area. These stones also have no traces of explosions. Grave III was also cleaned in December 2015 as part of a maintenance measure.
See also
Web links
literature
- Claus Ahrens : Stone graves near Eyendorf. In: Guide to Prehistoric and Protohistoric Monuments. Volume 7. Hamburg-Harburg, Sachsenwald, northern Lüneburg Heath. Verlag Philipp von Zabern, Mainz 1967, pp. 137-138.
- Hery A. Lauer: Archaeological Hikes North Lower Saxony Verlag Hery A. Lauer, Göttingen 1979, ISBN 3-922541-08-9 , p. 134.
- Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 3: Lower Saxony - Westphalia. Rudolf-Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1975, ISBN 3-7749-1326-9 , pp. 33-34.
Individual evidence
- ↑ J. Müller In: Varia neolithica VI 2009 p. 15
- ^ Gerhard Körner and Friedrich Laux: A kingdom on the Luhe . Museum association for d. Principality of Lüneburg, Lüneburg 1980, ISBN 3-922616-00-3 , p. 186 .