Garnier l'Aleman

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Werner von Egisheim († before May 1272), called Garnier l'Aleman ( Werner the German ) by the French-speaking feudal society of the Levant , was a German crusader .

Life

Werner probably came from a German noble family named after the city of Egisheim in Alsace ( see also Grafschaft Egisheim ). He is mentioned for the first time in Akkon in the wake of a Count Berthold. Presumably this was Count Berthold IV von Andechs , who traveled to the besieged Acre on the third crusade in 1190 and withdrew to his homeland in spring 1191 at the latest, Werner, however, would have stayed in the holy land. In a certificate issued to Otto von Henneberg in May 1206 , he appears as a witness with his German name ( Wernerus de Egisheim ).

At the beginning of September 1210 Werner and Philipp von Ibelin were responsible for the city defense of Acon, while the rest of the Outremers nobility attended the coronation of Queen Mary and John of Brienne in Tire . In 1218 he unsuccessfully defended Caesarea with Genoese troops , which was stormed by an army of the Ayyubids .

Before Emperor Frederick II , who claimed the reign of the Kingdom of Jerusalem on behalf of his son , ended his crusade in May 1229 and traveled back to Italy, he appointed Balian of Sidon and Werner as his deputies ( Bailli ) in the kingdom, with Balian in Tire and he resided in Acre. Both were replaced in office in the spring of 1231 by Marshal Richard Filangieri .

After the assassination of the governor of Corfu , Philipp Chinard (1266), Werner (vicar of Philipp Chinard) took over the administration of Corfu. Charles I Anjou got in contact with Werner and offered him land in the Kingdom of Sicily with an annual value of 100 ounces , or 1000 ounces of gold in cash, for “the whole island of Corfu with castles with country houses and all the countries of the servants” . In fact, Garnier handed over the island to Charles of Anjou in March 1267, who appointed him captain general on March 20, 1267 and from 1268 gradually conquered the despotate of Epirus . Charles' promise in favor of Werner could no longer be carried out due to his death. From a document dated May 1272 it emerges that Charles had given the son of the late Garnier, Aimone Aleman, the promised land of the above-mentioned annual value of 100 ounces or 1000 ounces of gold in cash.

family

Werner was married to Pavia Embriaco, a daughter of Mr. Hugo III. Embriaco by Gibelet . They had four children:

  • Johann († 1264 or later), Lord of Caesarea (de iure uxoris ), ⚭ Margarethe Brisebarre, daughter of John of Caesarea ;
  • Hugo († before March 26, 1241), ⚭ Isabella von Adelon († after 1260), daughter of Daniel I of Adelon ;
  • Helvis, ⚭ Baldwin of Longuevaux;
  • Aimone.

literature

  • Reinhold Röhricht : The Germans in the Holy Land. Chronological list of those Germans who can be reliably proven or probably regarded as pilgrims to Jerusalem and crusaders (c. 650–1291). Wagner, Innsbruck 1894.
  • John L. Lamonte: The Lords of Caesarea in the Period of the Crusades , in: Speculum 22,2 (1947) 145-161, doi: 10.2307 / 2854723 .
  • Hans Eberhard Mayer (ed.): The crusader states as a multicultural society. Immigrants and minorities in the 12th and 13th centuries (= writings of the Historisches Kolleg. Colloquia. 37). R. Oldenbourg, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-486-56257-6 .
  • Wolfgang Stürner : Friedrich II. 1194-1250. 3rd edition in one volume, bibliographically completely updated and expanded to include a foreword and documentation with additional information. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 2009, ISBN 978-3-534-23040-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Camillo Minieri Riccio: Genealogia di Carlo I di Angiò: prima generazione . Vincenzo Priggiobba, Naples 1857, p. 50 (Italian, archive.org ).
  2. ↑ Reinhold Röhricht (ed.): Regesta Regni Hierosolymitani. Wagner, Innsbruck 1893, p. 247, no.933 .
  3. ↑ L'Estoire de Eracles empereur. In: Recueil des historiens des croisades . Historiens Occidentaux. Volume 2. Imprimerie Impériale, Paris 1859, p. 334 , Liv. XXXII, cap. V.
  4. ^ A b c Robert Elsie: A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History . IB Tauris, London, New York 2012, ISBN 978-1-78076-431-3 , pp. 81 f . (English, online preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Odo from Montbéliard Bailli of Jerusalem
(with Balian of Sidon )
1229–1231 		Richard Filangieri
personal data
SURNAME Garnier l'Aleman
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Werner von Egisheim; Werner the German
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bailli of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
DATE OF DEATH after 1231