Spotted deafblings
| Spotted deafblings | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spotted deafblings ( Russula maculata ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula maculata | ||||||||||||
| Quél. & Roze |
The spotted blotch or blotch blotch ( Russula maculata ) is a fungus from the family of the blotched relatives . The quite rare and warmth-loving blubber has a bright reddish hat that usually fades with ocher spots. Hence the German name and the Latin epithet , which also means spotted. The mushroom has yellow ocher lamellae and a delayed sharp taste. You can find it under oak and beech.
features
Macroscopic features
The 4–10 cm wide hat remains hemispherical to convex for a long time. It is quite thick and curled at the edge. It only shields you late and is then slightly depressed in old age. The hat can have different shades of red. It is often bright red. But it can also be colored pink or orange or, more rarely, red-brown or apricot-yellow. It is typical for him that his hat becomes noticeably rust-stained with age. The brim of the hat is blunt and smooth for a long time. The epidermis bare, a little greasy when wet and only peelable at the edge.
The lamellae remain pale for a long time, but have a lemon or orange-yellow reflex inside. When ripe, they are vividly colored yellow-ocher, sometimes red at the edges. They are 5–14 mm high, rounded at the end, partially forked and are very crowded to quite distant. They are a little rusty with age. The spore powder is yolk yellow ( after Romagnesi Ivc (-d) ).
The mostly white stem is 3–8 cm long and 1–2 cm, even up to 3 cm thick. It is hard, often short and stocky, and sometimes purple or pink. In injured areas it becomes yellow spotted, with age it becomes ocher.
The flesh is whitish to pale creamy-ocher, often rust-brown with age. The taste is sharp after a short time, but not quite as sharp as the closely related insidious Täubling . The meat smells fruity or like pencil wood like the hard cinnabar .
Microscopic features
The broadly elliptical to almost spherical spores are very variable. They are 7–10 (–11.5) µm long and 7–8 (–9) µm wide and ornamented in pustular to warty form. Fine, line-like connecting lines emanate from the 0.5–1.5 µm high warts, but these are seldom and only occasionally connected by a mesh. The basidia are 38–57 µm long and 11.5–13 µm wide and have four 6–8.5 µm long sterigms. The cylindrical, mostly blunt or partially appended pleurocystids are 80–115 µm long and 8–13.5 (17) µm wide and react with sulfovanillin.
The cap skin ( epicutis ) contains numerous, 6–12 µm wide, mostly cylindrical, narrowly clubbed or spindle-shaped pileocystids . The cap skin hyphae are cylindrical or pointed. The cap skin hyphae contain vacuoles but no membrane pigments.
ecology
The spotted deafblings are like all deafblings a mycorrhizal fungus that can enter into a symbiosis with various deciduous trees. Its most common symbiotic partner is the oak , followed by the red beech . Sometimes hornbeams , linden trees and other deciduous trees can also serve as hosts.
The warmth-loving Täubling can be found in various lime-rich deciduous forests, such as forest barley and orchid-beech forests , occasionally also in corresponding hornbeam-oak forests , also on light, mostly south-exposed forest edges, on forest fringes and transitions to base-rich semi-arid grasslands and in parks.
The fungus prefers shallow, summer-dry, sunny, quickly heatable gauze and brown loam rendzines over lime and pararendzines over lime sands and lime marls. The Täubling can be found from June to the beginning of October, mostly in the hills and lower mountains.
distribution
The deafbling occurs in North America (USA), North Asia (Russia Far East), North Africa (Morocco, Algeria) and in Europe.
The warmth-loving species is very dispersed in Germany. It is on the red list in the risk category RL3.
Systematics
- Russula maculata subsp. alpina (Singer) Knudsen & T. Borgen (1992) was also described by R.Fellner & Landa in 1993 as a separate species Russula dryadicola , which is not generally recognized.
- Also Russula maculata var. Decipiens Singer (1931) was by Kühner & Romagn. described as a separate species under the scientific name Russula decipiens . This species is also not recognized by all mycologists
- Russula maculata var. Globispora J. Blum 1952 also belongs to the family to R. maculata. It waselevated to an independent speciesby M. Bon in 1986 as Russula globispora . The position of this species is also controversial.
Inquiry systematics
The spotted pigeon is the type of sub-section Maculatinae (Urentinae), which is within the section Insidiosinae (Subgenus Insidiosula ). The representatives of this subsection usually have red, yellow, or purple hats. They taste hot and have a yellow spore powder.
Subspecies and varieties
- Russula maculata var. Bresadoloma Singer 1932 with larger spores (9.5–12 × 8.5–11 µm)
- Russula maculata f. paradecipiens A. Favre 1992
- Russula maculata f. subdulcis Bon 1993
- Russula maculata var.alba (Velenovsky) Singer 1939
meaning
Like all deafnesses from the Maculatinae subsection , the spotted deafness is not edible.
literature
- Russula maculata. In: Russula database. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center, accessed May 20, 2011 .
- Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation of M. Bon's Russula key. The Russulales Website, p. 43 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 20, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula maculata. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed May 20, 2011 (French).
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Russula maculata. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 31, 2011 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 76 .
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 585.
- ↑ a b Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 42 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 20, 2011 .
- ↑ Roger Phillips: Russula maculata. (No longer available online.) Rogers Mushrooms, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved May 20, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Russula maculata. Retrieved September 26, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 293 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula maculata. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 ( online [PDF] The deaflings were identified as R. globispora .).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula maculata. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. 2 , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grid map of records on the Gateway for Russula maculata. ( Memento from December 24, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk (English)
- ↑ Russula maculata in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 31, 2011 .
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula maculata. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 26, 2012 .
- ^ Russula decipiens. ( Memento from February 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it
Web links
- Spore drawing 1 and spore drawing 2 from Russula maculata after H. Romagnesi, (1967), CBS Fungal Biodiversity Center. Retrieved May 20, 2011.
- Russula maculata. Russulales News, accessed May 20, 2011 .
- Russula maculata - Funghi in Italia. In: funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on May 20, 2011 (Italian, photos of the flecked Täubling, also with microscopic images.).
