Yellow-green lady's mantle
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Yellow-green lady's mantle ( Alchemilla xanthochlora ) |
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The yellow-green lady's mantle ( Alchemilla xanthochlora ) is to the rose family (Rosaceae) counting, indigenous to most of Europe Art . Within the genus Lady's mantle ( Alchemilla ) it is in the Alchemilla sect section . Alchemilla posed.
description
The yellow-green lady's mantle is a medium to very large type of lady's mantle. It is quite stiff and rarely colored red. The main axis is 5 to 15 millimeters thick. The yellow-green lady's mantle can live up to 7 years.
The primary leaves are 3 to 5 lobed. The basic leaf blades are kidney to circular, 5 to 20 centimeters wide, 270 to 370 °, slightly funnel-shaped to flat, rarely wavy and thin. They are yellow-green for a long time, but finally turn light blue-green on the upper side. Seldom from 10, mostly 20 to 33% of the radius, the basal leaf blade is divided into 9 to 11 gently arched trapezoidal to short parabolic, rounded and trimmed lobes. The end lobes have a width of 30 to 45 °, 17 to 27 relatively equal teeth and are imperforate to 0 to 17% (= 0 to 2 millimeters). The teeth are broadly triangular to half-oval, mostly step-shaped and separated from one another by means of right-angled bays, pointed, usually 1 to 2, rarely up to 3 millimeters long (corresponds to 2 to 6% of the radius of the blade), 1 to 5 millimeters wide and 0.4 - up to 1 times as long as it is wide. The leaf blade is bare on its upper side or on the teeth. It rarely happens that there is sparse hair on the top of some leaves. The underside of the blade is fairly densely or loosely hairy, the margin and nerves only rarely. The leaf stalks are 1.5 to 3 millimeters thick and have a flat inside. They are quite dense and softly haired, their hair protrudes at 60 to 90 °. The stipules are up to 60 millimeters long, which corresponds to 6 to 10% of the stem length. They are hardly green-tipped and quickly dry out brown. Their ears are rounded to pointy. There are 3 to 9 small, even teeth. At the base of the stem, the stipules are 1 to 10 millimeters fused, with small plants they can rarely be free. The incision is 1 to 4 millimeters deep. The leaf base is five-nerved. The stem is erect to short ascending, 15 to 90 centimeters long and 1.5 to 3 times as long as the leaf stalks. Like the petioles, it is hairy for 80 to 100% of its length. The uppermost stem leaves have 7 to 12-toothed, rounded lobes.
The inflorescence is quite dense and 6 to 15 centimeters wide. The flower stalks are usually 0.6 to 1.5, rarely up to 2.3 millimeters long and finally spreading. The lowest are rarely hairy. The flowers are yellow-green to yellow, 1.5 to 3 millimeters long and 2.5 to 4 millimeters wide. The goblet is top-shaped, bell-shaped to spherical, equally wide at the top and short, pointed or round at the bottom. The stem approach is preferred. Often some of the goblets are sparsely hairy. The sepals are triangular to half-egg-shaped, 1 to 1.5 times as long as they are wide, mostly pointed and at most sparsely haired. Finally, they are spreading to upright and 0.6 to 1 times as long as the goblet. The outer sepals are rarely linear-lanceolate, mostly egg-lanceolate to heart-egg-shaped, rarely single-nerved and pointed. At the end they are widely spreading, 0.6 to 1 times as long as the sepals and 0.6 to 1 times, rarely twice as long as the sepals and 0.2 to 0.7 times, rarely to 0.8 times as wide as the width of the sepals. The stamens are somewhat wider at their base. The scar is hemispherical to lenticular. Very rarely it can be hooked. The nuts stick out about a third of their length.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 103 or 2n = 105.
distribution
The area of the yellow-green women's coat extends from central and northern Spain via France, Italy (to Lucania ) and the British Isles to southern Fennoscandia , Latvia, Lithuania and eastern Poland in the northeast, as well as to the eastern Carpathians and the Balkans Greece in the southeast. The species was naturalized in North America ( Massachusetts , Nova Scotia ) and Southeast Australia.
In Central Europe, the species is widespread in the mountains, but rarely in the plains.
habitat
The yellow-green lady's mantle grows on stream banks and ditches, in bushes, on fresh to moist meadows, on embankments and on montane to alpine pastures. The soil is fresh to trickling wet, loamy to sandy, lime-free to lime or base-rich, humus and rich in nutrients. In the Alps, the species occurs above the Hochjochhospiz at 2800 meters and in the Ötztal Alps on pastures at 2500 meters. In the lowlands it grows to sea level.
The species is mainly to be found in the association Polygono-Trisetion , but also in meadows with a lower nutrient supply such as Meo-Festucetum with transition to Violion caninae . It also grows in cabbage thistle meadows ( Calthion ), tall herbaceous meadows ( Adenostylion ), Eriophorion latifolii and Molinion . In rainy areas it can also be found on soils with a high nitrogen content in Agropyro-Rumicion and Rumicion alpini , otherwise it is absent with heavy fertilization.
Pharmacological Applications
Lady's mantle herb (Alchemillae herba) is used as a tea drug. These are the dried parts of the plant above ground. Active ingredients are: tannins (6–8%), including predominantly ellagitannins such as agrimoniin , pedunculagin and laevigatin , as well as gallotannins and flavonoids . The plant is known in folk medicine as a remedy for "women's ailments". It is used internally and externally for painful menstrual bleeding as well as discharge and symptoms during the menopause. However, the ingredients found so far cannot provide an explanation for the above indications. It is therefore assumed that these were derived from the doctrine of signatures . However, slight antispasmodic and astringent effects could be determined and are probably due to the high tannin content. This makes it suitable for use in intestinal catarrh , as an anti-inflammatory gargle and as a wound healing agent. Homeopathic preparations have been given for chronic diarrhea due to liver disease and for white flow .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Sigurd Fröhner: Alchemilla . In: Hans. J. Conert et al. a. (Ed.): Gustav Hegi. Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Volume 4 Part 2B: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 2 (3). Rosaceae 2 . Blackwell 1995, pp. 60-61. ISBN 3-8263-2533-8
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 559.
- ↑ Ingrid and Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants . Franckh-Kosmos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2004, ISBN 3-440-09387-5
Web links
- Yellow-green lady's mantle. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Distribution map for Germany. In: Floraweb .
- Alchemilla xanthochlora Rothm. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved November 8, 2015.
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to: Eric Hultén , Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0
