Yellow-tipped rhinoceros

Yellow-tipped rhinoceros
Yellow-tipped rhinoceros
Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta) Order : Beetle (Coleoptera) Family : Ground beetle (Carabidae) Subfamily : Nebriinae Genre : Nebria Type : Yellow-tipped rhinoceros
Scientific name
Nebria livida
( Linnaeus , 1758)

The yellow-edged periwinkle ( Nebria livida ) is a beetle from the family of ground beetles (Carabidae). The genus Nebria is represented in Europe with five subgenera and 73 species , in Central Europe with nineteen species. The yellow- tipped red ridge runner belongs to the subgenus Paranebria . The widespread beetle occurs in Europe in the subspecies Nebria livida livida .

		Fig. 5: Lower jaw Fig. 6: Lip probe Fig. 7: Anterior tarsus
Fig. 1: Top view	Fig. 2: underside
Fig. 3: side view	Fig. 4: from the front
Fig. 8: Description afterwards	Fig. 9: Description below	Fig. 10
Fig. 8: underside of the head; On the left half of the picture: the lower jaw removed, the last two links of the lip probe removed, allowing a view of the green upper jaw; Right half of the picture: lip probe tinted white, lower jaw with jaw probe tinted red, feeler tinted yellow Fig. 9: Head from the side above, upper jaw tinted green, black arrowhead points to pore point with bristle Fig. 10: Partial view of the chest section from the side below. Undyed: ocher: wing cover; yellow: leg of the middle pair of legs; black: epimer of the mid-breast. Colored: dark blue: mid breast; light blue: episternum of the mid- breast; dark green: rear breast; light green: episternum of the rear breast; red-brown: middle hip

Notes on the name

The beetle is already listed in the 10th edition of Linnés Systema Naturae from 1758, which was defined as the starting point for the binomial nomenclature . There he bears the name Carabus lividus . The description is limited to the few words Carabus thorace ferrugineo, elytris nigris: lateribus lividis ( Latin : a carabus with a rust-red breast [and] black wings with pale yellow edges). This explains the species name lividus , which is used to describe the striking color of the wing cover edge . This is also named in the Gelbrandig part of the German name.

The large genus Carabus was split up several times and the species lividus was transferred to the genus Nebria . This was introduced by Latreille in 1802 . After Schenkling , the name of Altgr. νεβρός “nebrós” derived for “deer calf”. According to Latreille, however, the name Nebria is taken from a list of fish mentioned by ancient writers, although it is not known which fish are meant. The name periwinkle alludes to the fact that some species of the genus can be found near rivers.

In 1787, Fabricius describes a dark variant with significantly more black body parts (base of the antennae, edge of the pronotum, thighs) than Carabus lateralis and a light form as Carabus sabulosus . These names are considered synonyms to Nebria livida . In addition, Fauna Europaea has two other synonyms ( Nebria sibirica Csiki 1902 and Nebria collaris Thunberg 1787).

features

The beetles reach a body length of 12 to 15 millimeters and have a distinctive body color. The head is black, the pronotum is yellow-orange except for the black base, the winglets ( elytra ) are black and have a yellow-orange outer edge that reaches the seam at the wing tips . The antennae and legs are also yellow-orange.

The head is significantly narrower than the pronotum . The eyes are sideways and strongly arched. The eleven-link antennae are thread-shaped. The first three links are hairless and shiny except for individual bristles. From the fourth link onwards the antennae are very finely haired and therefore appear dull. The mouthparts are directed forward. The upper lip is wider than it is long and has a series of bristle-bearing points in front (Fig. 9). The upper jaw (green in Figs. 8 and 9) is very broad with an inwardly bent tip. As a species-specific feature, it has a pore point on the outside from which a long bristle arises (marked with a black arrowhead in Fig. 9). The lip button (Fig. 6, tinted white in Fig. 8 on the right) has three bristles on the penultimate link, the long end link is truncated slightly at an angle at the front. The lower jaw (Fig. 5) has two buttons and a row of bristles on the inside like a comb. The lower lip is broad and three-toothed, the middle tooth is two-pointed.

The pronotum is heart-shaped, broadly flattened on the sides, and usually blackened in front behind the head and at the base.

The elytra are wider than the pronotum, run roughly parallel on the sides and are rounded together at the end. Their base is broadly edged. This edge connects at the shoulders in an arc with the lateral edge of the wing covers. The wing covers are striped with fine dots . Next to the wide label there is a short row of dots (scutellar stripes).

The legs are long and slender, the tarsi all five-limbed and bare on top. The end pin of the front rail protrudes far beyond the front rail (Fig. 7). The genus Nebria belongs to the subfamilies of ground beetles, in which the epimers of the mid-breast (left black in Fig. 10), between the episternum of the mid-breast (in Fig. 10 tinted light blue) and the episternum of the rear breast (in Fig. 10 light green tinted), reach the hip cavities of the mid-chest (in Fig. 10, middle hip tinted red) and are not separated from the hip cavities by the rear chest (in Fig. 10, dark green tinted).

Occurrence

The animals occur in Central , Northern and Eastern Europe , east to Siberia and Japan . They live near bodies of water, for example on loamy cliffs and in the detritus of bodies of water. You can find them during the day under stones or wood from the lowlands to around 1000 meters above sea level. In the Rhine Graben you can discover Nebria livida in gravel ditches on tongues of sand that protrude far into the water. There the species often lives together with the green-striped ground beetle (Omophron limbatum). Nebria livida is rare to very rare in Germany.

supporting documents

literature

• Ekkehard Wachmann , Ralph Platen, Dieter Barndt: Ground beetles - observation, way of life. Naturbuch-Verlag, Augsburg 1995, ISBN 3-89440-125-7 , p. 146
• Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. Volume 1 p. 92, KG Lutz, Stuttgart 1912
• Edmund Reitter: Fauna Germanica - The beetles of the German Empire. 5 volumes, Stuttgart KG Lutz 1908–1916, digital library volume 134, Directmedia Publishing GmbH, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89853-534-7
• Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 2 . Adephaga 1. Elsevier, Spektrum, Akad. Verl., Munich 1976, ISBN 3-87263-025-3 . P. 51
• Gustav Jäger (Ed.): CG Calwer’s Käferbuch . K. Thienemanns, Stuttgart 1876, 3rd edition p. 18

Individual evidence

1. ^ Nebria near Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 6, 2015
2. ↑ Fauna Europaea 1 , Fauna Europaea 2 , Fauna Europaea 3 , Fauna Europaea 4 , Fauna Europaea 5
3. ↑ Nebria livida livida at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 6, 2015
4. ↑ Carolus Linnaeus: Systema Naturae .... 1st volume, 10th edition, Stockholm 1758 p. 418: 414 No. 10 lividus
5. ^ Sigmund Schenkling: Nomenclator coleopterologicus . 2nd edition, Jena 1922 ( in abbreviated form )
6. ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) .
7. ↑ Piere André Latreille: Histoire Naturelle des crustacées et insectes Volume 8 Paris in XII (1802) page 276
8. ↑ Joh. Christ. Fabricius: Mantissa insectorum… Volume 1 Copenhagen 1787 p. 200 No. 59 lateralis p. 199 No. 47 sabulosus
9. ↑ ^{a b} Nebria livida at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 7, 2015

Web links

Commons : Nebria livida  - album with pictures, videos and audio files