Yellow-stemmed oyster mushrooms

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Yellow-stemmed oyster mushrooms
2012-10-16 Sarcomyxa serotina (Pers.) P. Karst 272414 crop.jpg

Yellow-stemmed oyster mushrooms ( Panellus serotinus )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Helmling relatives (Mycenaceae)
Genre : Dwarf ball ( Panellus )
Type : Yellow-stemmed oyster mushrooms
Scientific name
Panellus serotinus
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Bold

The yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom or dwarf ball ( Panellus serotinus , syn .: Sarcomyxa serotina and Pleurotus serotinus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the helminth relatives . Sometimes the species is also referred to as the yellow mussel , although the name "mussel" is reserved for representatives of the Hohenbuehelia genus .

features

Young fruiting bodies of the yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom ( Sarcomyxa serotina )

The yellow oyster mushroom forms 3–10 centimeters wide, mussel-, fan- or wide tongue-shaped fruiting bodies, which grow individually to tufted or like roof tiles on wood with a lateral stalk. The top of the hats is smooth, when wet it is greasy to slimy, when dry, it is velvety, and fiber-flaky towards the stem. The color is very variable and can go from light green, yellow-olive to reddish-olive. The brim of the hat is curled up when young, in older specimens it is sharp and slightly grooved. The young cream-colored, later cream to ocher-colored lamellae are wide on the stem and narrower towards the edge. The spore powder is white. The short, conical stem is dotted with dark, scaly dots on an ocher to saffron yellow background.

Species delimitation

The yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom is often confused with the oyster mushroom - the fruiting bodies of both species often grow together on the same tree trunk. The latter, however, has lamellas that run down to the base of the stem and never a yellow stem.

ecology

The yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom is a saprobiont and weak parasite on hardwood, which can colonize a wide range of tree species, with oak , alder and red beech being preferred, it is rarely found on conifers. The species grows on old, previously damaged, still standing or already overturned dead trunks or on stumps. The yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom is found in shady, air- and soil-moist deciduous and mixed forests as well as acidic spruce and silver fir forests and pine forests. It also occurs along streams, at the edges of bog, on forest paths and forest edges in hazel forests and in fruit tree crops.

distribution

The yellow oyster mushroom can be found in the Holarctic from Mediterranean to boreal areas, north it goes to Greenland and in Northern Europe up to the 69th parallel. In Germany the species is widespread, but shows regional irregularities in occurrence.

Systematics and taxonomy

According to the ICN nomenclature code , the yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom must be carried under the scientific name Panellus serotinus , although the mushroom and probably the common oyster mushroom ( P. edulis ), which is widespread in Asia, represent a separate genus from a family point of view, separated from the species around the herbaceous dwarf ball . Because Petter Karstens recombining the taxon from Panellus to Sarcomyxa violates Article 33.1. The set of rules states that a recombination ( with the exception of autonyms ) is considered invalid if the author does not clearly assign the final epithet to the name of the genus, species or its abbreviation. In his original diagnosis of the genus Sarcomyxa , the Finnish mycologist named " Pleurotus serotinus (Schrad.) Fr." as a type . If there is no other, valid recombination, this has to be done first.

meaning

Food value

The yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom, which tastes mild to slightly bitter, is edible. The toxicity suspected in recent literature (substances that are suspected of causing cancer are said to have been found in the fruit bodies. In addition, the mushroom is said to contain toxins that are stored in the body's own fat cells and come into play when weight loss occurs.) Is apparently based on one Misunderstanding.

In East Asia, “Mukitake” ( Panellus edulis ), a closely related species of the yellow- stemmed oyster mushroom, is valued and also cultivated as an edible mushroom.

forestry

As a wood destroyer (weakness parasite) the yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom has no economic importance.

swell

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jean-Marc Moncalvo, Rytas Vilgalys, Scott A. Redhead, James E. Johnson, Timothy Y. James, M. Catherine Aime, Valerie Hofstetter, Sebastiaan JW Verduin, Ellen Larsson, Timothy J. Baroni, R. Greg Thorn, Stig Jacobsson, Heinz Clemencon, Orson K. Miller Jr .: One hundred and seventeen clades of euagarics . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 23 . Academic Press, 2002, pp. 357-400 , doi : 10.1016 / S1055-7903 (02) 00027-1 ( biology.duke.edu [PDF; 1000 kB ]).
  2. ↑ Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. tape 2 . Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (301 pages; directory of the color images of almost all large European mushrooms (> 5 mm) incl. CD with over 600 species descriptions).
  3. ↑ a b c Andreas Gminder: Yellow-stemmed mussel oyster mushrooms . In: Handbook for mushroom pickers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-440-11472-8 , pp. 139 .
  4. ↑ a b c d Hermann T. Jahn : Mushrooms that grow on wood . Busse, Herford 1979, ISBN 978-3-87120-853-9 , p.  188 (268 pages; 222 color photos, 19 black-and-white photos and 114 drawings).
  5. ^ Petter Adolf Karsten : Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam XXX . In: Meddelanden af ​​Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica . tape  18 , 1891, p. 62 .
  6. ↑ a b c d Andreas Kunze, Carsten Neubauer, Holger Foerster: The fairy tale of the poisonous mussel mushroom and a question of good taste . In: The Tintling . tape 74 , no. 1/2012 . Karin Montag, Schmelz, p. 41-48 .
  7. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 194.
  8. ^ Walter Pätzold, Hans E. Laux: Oyster mushrooms - confusion . In: 1mal1 of mushroom picking . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-440-09692-0 , pp. 192 .
  9. ↑ Christoph Hahn: Panellus serotinus is unhealthy! In: Forum on pilzepilze.de. January 6, 2002, accessed November 16, 2011 .

Web links

Commons : Yellow-stemmed oyster mushroom ( Panellus serotinus )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files