Herber dwarf ball
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Herber dwarf ball ( Panellus stypticus ) |
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| Panellus stypticus | ||||||||||||
| ( Bull. ) P. Karst. |
The bitter dwarf ball ( Panellus stipticus , syn .: Panellus stypticus ) is a type of mushroom from the genus of the dwarf ball ( Panellus ). Other names for this mushroom are bitter mussel oyster mushrooms , bitter spicy dwarf knot or oak dwarf knot .
features
The bitter dwarf ball forms small, short-stalked, fan-shaped to kidney-shaped fruiting bodies about 1.5–4 cm wide, which stand together in turf like roof tiles. The top is ocher to cinnamon brown, when dry or lighter in older specimens. The cap skin of the mushrooms is sticky or scaly, slightly concentrically zoned and sticky when pressed. The edge of young fruiting bodies is rolled up, in older specimens it is wavy and somewhat notched. The lamellae, which are sharply separated from the stalk, are thin, narrow and at the base connected like a network (anastomoses), the lamellae color is cinnamon-brown, their cutting edge is sticky and densely covered with clumpy accumulated cystids (microscope). The spore powder is white.
The laterally seated stem is short (1–2 cm) and yellowish ocher, smooth in young specimens, later covered with bran-like scales like the hat. The meat (trama) is leathery and tough and becomes hard when dried, moist but soft again. It contains resin grains which, when chewed for a long time, cause the typical initially sweetish, later tart, astringent taste. The fruiting bodies appear all year round.
The similar other species of the genus lack the tart, astringent taste. An American strain of this type is capable of Foxfire - bioluminescence , both mycelium and fruiting bodies glow in the dark.
ecology
The bitter dwarf ball is a saprobiont colonist of old trunks, stumps and lying branches, which causes brown rot in the colonized wood . He prefers oak and red beech as substrate , but can also appear on a number of other hardwoods, rarely on softwood. The species occurs, as long as a suitable substrate is available, in almost all forest types, in parks, gardens in rows of trees and on individual trees.
distribution
The bitter dwarf ball was found in Australia, Pakistan, North Asia (from the Caucasus to Korea and Japan), North America, North Africa, and the Canary Islands. In Europe, the species occurs from southern and southeastern Europe across western and central Europe to northern and eastern Europe, in Scandinavia it goes up to the 65th parallel.
meaning
The bitter dwarf ball is unsuitable as an edible mushroom, as a wood destroyer it is not of forestry importance.
Synonyms, names
In addition to the Latinized spelling Panellus stipticus , the spelling Panellus stypticus is also used , as the word is derived from the Greek adjective styptikos (astringent, from styphein to contract, to clog). The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) stypticus is a Greek loan word and thus, like the German species name, refers to the bitter, astringent taste of the fruiting bodies.
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 3: Mushrooms. Leaf mushrooms I. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3536-1 .
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
- Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Mushrooms of Switzerland. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 3: Bolete and agaric mushrooms. Part 1: Strobilomycetaceae and Boletaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiacea, Hygrophoracea, Tricholomataceae, Polyporaceae (lamellar). Mykologia, Luzern 1991, ISBN 3-85604-030-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Panellus stipticus. In: Species Fungoru / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved November 26, 2011 .
