Common pacifier

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Common pacifier
Common moth (Eupithecia vulgata), brownish color variant

Common moth ( Eupithecia vulgata ),
brownish color variant

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Family : Spanner (Geometridae)
Subfamily : Larentiinae
Genre : Moth ( Eupithecia )
Type : Common pacifier
Scientific name
Eupithecia vulgata
( Haworth , 1809)
Caterpillar

The common moth ( Eupithecia vulgata ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of the flyworms (Geometridae). The specific epithet is based on the Latin word vulgatus meaning "generally known" and refers to the common occurrence of the species .

features

butterfly

The wingspan of the moth is 16 to 23 millimeters. The basic color of all wings varies from light gray to brown gray. The light, sharp, narrow band at the outer edge of the disk region on the upper side of the forewing is typical of the species . An elongated black discoidal spot is usually indistinct. The wavy line is whitish and ends in a white spot at the inner corner . In the case of specimens that have flown away, a reliable determination is usually only possible by means of a genital morphological examination.

Caterpillar

Adult caterpillars are smooth and slender, slightly tapered at the front. They are greenish to light brownish in color and show yellowish segment incisions as well as large dark olive-green or brown rhombic spots on the back, which are connected by a thin back line.

Doll

The reddish brown pupa is provided with olive green wing sheaths. There are eight hook bristles on the pointed cremaster .

Distribution and occurrence

The distribution of the species extends through western and central Europe including the British Isles and further east through Russia to Korea . In the north it was found in Lapland , in the south in North Africa and Asia Minor . In Kazakhstan it is represented by the subspecies E. vulgata lepsaria , in Corsica by E. vulgata cyrneata , in Scotland by E. vulgata scotia and in Ireland by E. vulgata clarensis .

The common moth populates a variety of different habitats, for example forest edges, bushes, hedges, embankments and herbaceous corridors as well as gardens and parks. It is to be regarded as a cultural follower and also occurs in the middle of large city areas. The occurrence in the Alps reaches up to heights of 1500 meters.

Way of life

The main flight time of the nocturnal moths falls from April to July. In climatically favorable zones, individual moths of a second generation sometimes appear in August or September. They regularly fly to artificial light sources . Flower visits by the moths were observed on umbelliferae (Umbelliferae) and elder ( Sambucus ). The caterpillars feed polyphagously on the leaves of a large number of different plants. They were found on hawthorns ( Crataegus ), bluebells ( Campanula ), clematis ( Clematis ), hops ( Humulus ), foxgloves ( Digitalis ), blueberries ( Vaccinium ), willow species ( Salix ) and raspberries ( Rubus idaeus ). However, a clear preference for certain plant species could not be established. Wilted leaves are also gladly accepted as food. The species overwinters as a pupa in a cocoon mostly close to the surface of the earth.

Danger

The common moth occurs in Germany in the individual federal states widespread and in numerous areas and is classified as "not endangered" on the red list of endangered species .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arnold Spuler: The butterflies of Europe. Volume 2, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1910, p. 75
  2. ↑ Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 , pp. 287-289 (English).
  3. ^ A b Walter Forster , Theodor A. Wohlfahrt : The butterflies of Central Europe. Volume 5: Spanner. (Geometridae). Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1981, ISBN 3-440-04951-5 , pp. 170-171.
  4. ↑ a b c Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 , p. 192-194 .
  5. ↑ Vladimir Mironov, Ulrich Ratzel: Eupithecia Curtis, 1825 of Afghanistan (Geometridae: Larentiinae). In: Nota lepidopterologica. Volume 35, No. 2, 2011, p. 226 ( online )
  6. ^ Karl Cleve: The butterflies of West Berlin. In: Berliner Naturschutzblätter, Volksbund Naturschutz e. V. 22nd year, No. 63, 1978, p. 364.
  7. ↑ Manfred Koch , Wolfgang Heinicke, Bernd Müller: We determine butterflies. Volume 4: Spanner. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Neumann, Leipzig / Radebeul 1976, DNB 780451570 , pp. 170-171.
  8. ↑ Endangerment

literature

  • Vladimir Mironov: The Geometrid Moths of the World . In: Axel Hausmann (Ed.): The Geometrid Moths of Europe . 1st edition. Volume 4: Larentiinae II. Perizomini and Eupitheciini . Apollo Books, Stenstrup 2003, ISBN 87-88757-40-4 (English).
  • Günter Ebert (Ed.): The butterflies of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 9. Moths VII. Geometridae 2nd part . 1st edition. Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3279-6 .
  • Arno Bergmann: The large butterflies of Central Germany. Volume 5/1: Spanner. Distribution, forms and communities. Urania-Verlag, Jena 1955, DNB 450378403 .

Web links

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