Common eyelashes
| Common eyelashes | ||||||||||||
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Common batting ♂ |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pogonocherus fasciculatus | ||||||||||||
| ( De Geer , 1775) |
The Common eyelash Bock , even pine branch Bock or White Bindiger eyelash Bock called ( Pogonocherus fasciculatus ) is a beetle from the family of the longhorn beetle and the subfamily Lamiinae . The genus Pogonocherus is represented in Europe with 15 species , some of which are difficult to distinguish.
Notes on the name
The beetle was first described by De Geer in 1775 under the name Cerambyx fasciculatus . After the brief characterization in French, it is translated into Latin. With regard to the wing coverts it contains the comment: fascia transversa alba ( Latin with a white cross band ) This explains the scientific species name fasciculatus , banded , which refers to the cross band on the wing coverts. This is also expressed in the German part of the name Weißbindig .
De Geer calls the beetle in French Capricorne à brosses ( longhorn beetles with brushes). The bilingual brief characterization is followed by a detailed description in French, which also includes two illustrations. They are shown in Figure 1. De Geer describes the shape and position of the six brush-like tufts of hair and labels them in a detailed drawing with t (Fig. 1, Figure 18). He also notes that the wing covers end without teeth and therefore the beetle is not identical to a brush longhorn beetle described earlier .
The genus name Pogonocherus was first published in 1821 in the Dejean beetle collection catalog . Dejean says he takes the name from Megerle , whose collection in Vienna he previously visited. Dejean doesn't explain the name. In Schenkling only the names of spelling Pogonochaerus and Pogonocerus be explained. In Mulsant the name Pogonocherus is from ancient Gr. πώγων "pōgon, pōgonos" for "beard" and κέρας "keras" for "horn" derived. In the first sentence of the description of the genus, Mulsant mentions the antennae with long cilia on the underside. Since the antennae were previously called horns, the name refers to the bearded hair on the antennae and should correctly be called Pogonocerus. The ciliated antennae also give rise to the German name Wimperbock . The word common refers to the fact that the species is relatively common compared to related species.
In Mulsant you can also find the assignment to the new subgenus Pityphilus (from ancient Greek πίτυς "pítys, pítyos" for "pine, spruce" and φίλος "phílos" for "friend"), which includes all the species whose wing covers are not in the outer angle end with a tooth. This corresponds to the German name pine branch Bock , the predominantly alludes to the presence of the beetle on pine branches, but we often find him also on spruce trees.
Characteristics of the beetle
   
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| Fig. 2: Different views of the beetle | |
 
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| Fig. 3: Detail of the wing cover on the side, right colored copy red: S: wing cover seam, A: wing cover outer edge green: 1,2,3 ribs, bordered in blue: horizontal stripes yellow: B silhouette longitudinal cusps, |
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| Fig. 4: pronotum from the top right partially outlined in color red: outline of pointed lateral humps blue: blunt humps white: hairless central stripe green: two-colored label |
Fig. 5: Puncturing of the wing cover , on the left near the base, deeper on the right, about halfway up , unpunctured at the end of the wing cover |
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Fig. 6: Head from the top front right partially colored yellow: 1. Antennae blue: upper part of the eye olive green: tufts of hair red: pronotum anterior edge |
The beetle becomes five to eight millimeters long. The body is a little flatter than in the subfamily of the Lamiinae, which are also called roller-goats, usual. The wing covers and pronotum are clearly sculptured, but the impressions, ribs and cusps are largely concealed by a spotty, camouflaged hair. The hair consists of different elements. On the one hand there is a yellowish, a grayish white and a brown lying basic hair. Depending on which colors predominate, the individuals appear more brown or gray. In addition, there is a brush-like or tuft-like towering black hair and finally individual bristles protrude relatively densely, which are usually more than twice as long as the hairs of the brushes on the wing covers (Fig. 3 and taxo picture).
In the resting position, the head falls straight down. It is about as wide as the pronotum on the front and rear edges. The finely faceted eyes , kidney-shaped, encircle the point where the long antennae turn in from behind. On the forehead, between the white hairs parted to the sides, there is a tuft of black hair on each side (Fig. 6, olive-green colored on the right). This is an important determinant, but it is hardly noticeable when the beetle lifts its head, because then the dark tufts of hair almost disappear under the pronotum. The eleven-limbed antennae are shorter in the female than the body, in the male they protrude clearly beyond the ends of the elytra. They are brown, the individual limbs lightened at the base and have light gray hairs (Fig. 4 clearly visible on the left). The antennae have numerous long hairs on the underside. The third antenna segment is shorter than the fourth, but significantly longer than the fifth.
The pronotum is slightly longer than at the base broad and bounded in front and back about straight lines. He is spotty hair. The pronotum is drawn out laterally a little behind the middle to a conspicuous pointed cusp (Fig. 5, right framed in red). Above this, to the right and left of the center, are blunt, bald and shiny bumps (Fig. 4, circled in blue on the right). A small longitudinal stripe between these humps is also bare and shiny (Fig. 4, framed in white on the right).
The roughly square label (framed in green on the right in Fig. 4) is two-colored, lined with white in the middle and dark brown on the right and left.
The common eyelash is one of the species of the genus whose wing-coverts are not drawn out into a tooth at the outer angle, but rather end bluntly. The elytra are considerably wider at the base than the pronotum and narrow towards the back. The shoulders protrude clearly. The wing covers have three longitudinal ribs between the wing cover seam (Fig. 3, below red S) and the edge of the wing cover (Fig. 3, below red A) (Fig. 3, below green 1,2,3). As a characteristic drawing, each wing cover has a wide, white tomentose band in front of the center (Fig. 3, framed in blue below). The front edge of the bandage slants inwards and backwards. At the back the bandage is sharply delimited and, viewed from above, approximately perpendicular to the seam by a dark band. The band continues laterally to the edge of the wing covers, but the seam does not reach it.
Behind the middle on the inner rib (in Fig. 2 below green 1) there are two to four black, brush-like tufts of hair (in Fig. 3 above, three on each side). Between these, the ridge of the longitudinal rib is usually white and hairy to the rear. The seam and the outer edge of the wing covers are mottled alternately white-gray and brown (Fig. 3 above). The remaining parts of the wing cover appear blurred due to the hairiness, yellow-brown and dark brown to dirty white. A little behind and to the side of the label there is an elongated hump on each side (marked in Fig. 3 below on the front side by yellow B), which is also darkly haired. Behind it the wing covers are depressed, the impression runs roughly across, laterally it curves more or less forward. The elytra are irregularly dotted . The puncture is fairly deep near the base, flattening in the middle and disappearing towards the end of the elytra (Fig. 4).
The front chest penetrates the front hips and widens triangularly towards the rear. The middle and rear hips are broadly separated. The legs are strong. The legs are thickened club-shaped towards the rail. The five-limbed tarsi all appear to be four-limbed because the fourth limb is very small and hidden between the lobes of the third limb. Splints and tarsi appear reddish gray and brown ringed through the hair.
larva
The larvae (picture under web links) are white, soft-skinned and legless. Only the mouthparts and the surrounding parts are partially more heavily sclerotized and reddish brown to dark. In addition, on the upper side of the ninth abdominal segment there is a species-specific small plate that is also heavily sclerotized and dark. It lies near the broadly rounded rear edge of the segment and is elongated oval. It is raised like a keel along its length.
In the last stage, the larva becomes eleven millimeters long, the head is only 1.5 millimeters wide. The body is only slightly flattened and gradually tapers towards the back. The first breast segment is by far the largest segment of the body. The middle and rear chest have the same short and round shape as the first abdominal segments, towards the back the abdominal segments gradually become narrower and longer, especially the seventh to ninth abdominal segments.
The head of the larva is well half retracted into the front breast. The epistome over the mouth opening is darkened in front, behind it there is a transverse row of short bristles. The side of the epistome is so closely fused with the adjacent skeletal parts that no seams can be seen, but it is divided in the middle by a longitudinal seam. In front of the epistome is the somewhat trapezoidal head shield, in front of it the transversely oval upper lip, which is lightly haired on the front edge and in the front half of the side edges. The upper jaws are only slightly curved and end in an upward and a downward protruding tooth, both of which, in contrast to some other species, protrude about the same distance. The whitish antennae are very short, they hardly protrude beyond their point of deflection. The individual eyes appear as small black dots and lie under the antennae.
The first chest section narrows sharply towards the front. It is densely hairy on the sides and front, but in the upper central and rear area, unlike other species, glabrous.
Egg and doll
The eggs are 1.2 millimeters long with a diameter of 0.4 millimeters. They are white and evenly rounded at both ends. They are smooth, shiny, and somewhat transparent.
The pupa is six to 8.5 millimeters long, the abdomen two to 2.8 millimeters wide. On the second and third breast segments it is very coarse and reddish-haired on the upper side, while on the back plates of the abdomen the hair is extremely fine and white. The feelers are bent forward on the underside and end up nestled against the legs of the first pair of legs. There are only two adjacent hairs on the disc of the upper lip, not four. The abdominal segments narrow backwards from the fifth. The back of the longer seventh abdominal segment ends in a strongly convex rounded shape. The eighth abdominal segment is short and broadly rounded at the back. The apex of the abdomen is formed by the small ninth segment. It is bordered on the sides by a bulge that has small, pointed thorns on each of which a hair rises. In other species these small thorns are missing.
biology
The adults are found in Central Europe from March to October. The beetles swarm in spring from March. The eggs are preferably placed in dying, thinner branches of older and weakened pines or spruces; in infected stands, weakened young trees can also be attacked in the undergrowth by overgrowth. The larvae can also be found in other conifers; in exceptional cases, beetles have also been raised from hardwood. The species occurs in old wood stocks of coniferous forests, on pine heather, in raised bogs, on forest edges and also on individual trees. The larvae can be found in dry, still hanging or already lying on the ground branches, preferably two to ten centimeters thick. They have also been found in sticks and in coniferous litter mixed with wood. Occasionally the beetle also attacks wooden fathoms and fences made from spruce sticks.
The larvae gnaw under the bark and also cut the sapwood . The wide corridors run in winding turns mainly in the direction of the branch, but can extend around the entire branch. They are sharp-edged and filled with gnawed-off bits (pegs). The nail is mostly white because of the wood, but mixed with brown pieces of bark. The affected branches die off quickly. Development takes one to two years. After two years of development, the larvae create a short hook passage in the wood to pupate after the first wintering in summer. It runs along the wood fiber and penetrates nine to 22 millimeters into the wood. The entrance has a diameter of three to four millimeters, the doll's cradle itself is five to six millimeters wide. The larvae clog the entrance about five millimeters tightly with nailing and rotate to pupate so that the head points towards the blocked entrance. Pupation takes place from July to August, the beetle hatches in the same autumn, removes the nail at the entrance to the pupa cradle and gnaws a hole two to four millimeters in diameter through the bark. After a ripening, it hibernates. The reproduction takes place in the coming spring.
distribution
The Palearctic species is distributed within Europe from northern Europe to northern southern Europe, but is absent in the Mediterranean area . Its distribution area largely coincides with the distribution area of the conifers. In Central Europe it occurs from the plains to high altitudes, in the Alps and Carpathians to the tree line. To the east, the distribution area extends over Asia Minor to the Caucasus . In Asia , the species can be found in Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific , also in Mongolia , in the north of the People's Republic of China , North Korea and Japan .
literature
- Heinz joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 9 . Cerambycidae Chrysomelidae . Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-8274-0683-8 (first edition: Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1966). P. 81
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 . P. 42
- Gottfried Amann: Kerfe of the forest . 13th edition. J. Neumann-Neudamm AG, Melsungen 2011, ISBN 978-3-7888-0760-3 . P. 122
- Adolf Horion : Faunistics of the Central European Beetles, Bd. XII . Überlingen-Bodensee 1974 p. 170
- Edmund Reitter : Fauna Germanica, the beetles of the German Empire IV. Volume, KGLutz 'Verlag, Stuttgart 1912 p. 61
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Carl De Geer: Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire des insectes Tome cinquième (5th volume) Stockholm 1775 p. 71 9. Art preview in the Google book search Figure p. 453 No. 17 and 18
- ↑ a b Pogonocherus fasciculatus in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 2, 2015
- ↑ a b Pogonocherus at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 2, 2015
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ^ Dejean: Catalog de la Collection de Coléoptères de M. Le Baron Dejean Paris 1821 Pogonocherus p. 107 , visit by Megerle and Ziegler in the foreword
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus) in detail in the 2nd edition 1922.
- ↑ a b c M. E. Mullsant: Histoire naturelle des coléooptères de France - Longicornes Paris 1862–1863 p. 302
- ^ Ludwig Redtenbacher: Fauna austriaca - Die Käfer extended edition, 1st volume, Vienna 1874 p. 418
- ↑ a b c d e f A.I. Cherepanov: Cerambycidae of Northern Asia Vol. III Lamiinae part 2 Leiden, New York, Copenhagen, Cologne 1991 p. 92 f preview in the Google book search
- ↑ Species sheet of Cerambycidae
- ↑ Distribution map at Fauna Europaea ( memento of the original from November 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
