Genlisea africana
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Genlisea africana is a carnivorous plant from the species of trap traps inthe water hose family (Lentibulariaceae). It isnativeto Africa .
description
Genlisea africana is an annual herbaceous plant . The leaves are in a dense, native rosette, 2 to 4 (rarely 1 to 5) centimeters long and 5 to 9 millimeters wide; they are spatulate and blunt at the end. The numerous traps reach a length of up to 10 centimeters.
The upright, single to weakly branched inflorescence is 10 to 30 (5 to 50) centimeters high, cylindrical in cross section, smooth in the lower part and slightly to densely hairy in the upper part with stalked glands and a few scaly leaves that resemble the bracts . These are ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, tapering to a point and reach a length of 2 to 4 millimeters, the prophylls are linear-lanceolate and shorter.
There are rarely only one, usually three to ten flowers on upright, 5 to 20 (2 to 30) millimeters long, while the flower and fruit continue to grow and densely hairy pedicels with stalked glands .
The calyx is five-lobed and divided almost to the base, the individual lobes are almost uniformly shaped, ovate-lanceolate, tapering and 2 to 4 millimeters long and densely haired with stalked glands. The crown is 10 to 12 (5 to 18) millimeters long, its color is very variable, the color spectrum ranges from blue to violet to pink. The spur, however, is greenish to yellowish, occasionally ( form pallida ) pure yellow. The outer part of the upper lip, the lower lip and the spur are covered with short glandular hairs. The upper lip, which is up to 5 millimeters long and 4.5 millimeters wide, is oval and round and tapers towards the upper, truncated end, the clearly three-lobed lower lip is up to 11 millimeters long and 12 millimeters wide, the spur up to 8, rarely 11 millimeters long.
The crescent-shaped stamens are about one millimeter long, the ovary hairy round and dense with short-stalked glands, the stylus is short, the scar einlappig and semicircular. The 2.5 to 3 millimeter long, round to egg-shaped capsule fruit opens along elongated slits and releases numerous, approximately 0.4 to 0.5 millimeters long, egg-shaped seeds with a pronounced net-like surface.
Distribution and location
Genlisea africana is found in Angola , Zambia , Zimbabwe and the southeast of the DR Congo .
It is considered a typical type of Dembos . At altitudes between 1200 and 1500 meters it can also be found on the slopes of Inselbergs on very wet soils and ferric rocks . There it is part of the very short-lived ephemeral flush vegetation , a plant community that is caused by the large amounts of water that only flows down the slopes in the rainy season and that is characterized by a high proportion of carnivorous plant species and representatives of the Eriocaulaceae , Xyridaceae and Burmanniaceae .
Systematics and botanical history
It was first described in 1865 by the English botanist Daniel Oliver on the basis of material collected by Friedrich Welwitsch in Angola in 1860. It was the first time that a species of fish trap was known from Africa, and all of the previously described species came from South America. Like all African species belongs Genlisea africana within the genus in the section Genlisea .
The only sub-taxon described was a form Genlisea africana f. pallida . It was delimited in 1916 by RE Fries using a specimen from Katanga , Zaire, which was characterized by a pure yellow spur. However, the taxon is no longer recognized and synonymous today.
proof
- Eberhard Fischer, Stefan Porembski, Wilhelm Barthlott : Revision of the Genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae) in Africa And Madagascar with Notes on Ecology and Phytogeography. In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Vol. 20, No. 3, 2000, ISSN 0107-055X , pp. 291-318, doi : 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.2000.tb00746.x .
- Peter Taylor: Lentibulariaceae. In: Flora Zambesiaca. Volume 8, Part 3. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London 1988, ISBN 0-9507682-5-1 , entry on Art online .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Johannes Mildbraed: Basic features of the vegetation of tropical continental Africa (= Willdenowia. Beihefte. 2, ISSN 0511-9626 ). Edited and revised by Walter Domke. Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin-Dahlem 1966, pp. 116–117.
Web links
- Genlisea africana . In: Brunken, U., Schmidt, M., Dressler, S., Janssen, T., Thombiano, A. & Zizka, G. 2008. West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt / Main.