Georgi Vyacheslavovich Kurdjumow

Georgi Vyacheslavovich Kurdjumow ( Russian Георгий Вячеславович Курдюмов * Feb. 1 ^{. Jul} / 14. February  1902 ^greg. In Rylsk , † 6. July 1996 in Moscow ) was a Russian physicist and metallurgist .

Life

Kurdjumow, son of a priest, studied physics at the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute with graduation in 1926. 1925–1932 he worked at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute (since 1960 Joffe Institute), where he turned to physical metallurgy . As one of the 220 Soviet scientists with a foreign travel permit, he traveled to Germany and worked with Georg Sachs at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Metals Research in Berlin . This resulted in the Kurdjumow-Sachs orientation relationship, which describes the orientation relationship between austenite and martensite in steels .

In 1932 Kurdjumow moved to the Dnepropetrovsk Physical-Technical Institute (DFTI) . In 1934 he became a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences . In 1937 he was appointed professor and director of the DFTI. In 1939 he became a member of the Academy of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (AN-USSR) , of which he was a member of the Presidium from 1939–1948. During the German-Soviet War he was evacuated with the institute from 1941–1944 in Magnitogorsk . After his return, the DFTI was reorganized into the Institute for Metallurgy and Metal Physics in Moscow , of which he remained director until 1978. In 1946 he became a correspondent and in 1953 a real member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-USSR) .

With Kurdjumov's support, the Laboratory for Metal Physics of the AN-USSR was founded in Kiev in 1945 , of which he was director until 1951 and which became the Institute for Metal Physics in 1954 (since 1996 Kurdjumov Institute for Metal Physics).

In 1962 he became the founding director of the Institute for Solid State Physics of the AN-USSR in Chernogolowka near Moscow , which he organized together with Yuri Andreevich Ossipjan .

Honors

• Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1945, 1958)
• Stalin Prize 1st class (1949)
• Order of Lenin (1954, 1962, 1969, 1975, 1982)
• Hero of Socialist Labor (1969)
• Order of the October Revolution (1972)

Individual evidence

1. ^ ^{A b c} R. W. Cahn: The Coming of Materials Science . Elsevier, Amsterdam 2001, p. 531-535 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} Landeshelden: Kurdjumow Georgi Vjatscheslawowitsch (Russian, accessed on May 24, 2016).
3. ^ JA Chramow: Kurdjumow Georgi Vjatscheslawowitsch . In: AI Achijeser (Hrsg.): Physiker: Biografisches Lexikon . Nauka, Moscow 1983, p. 148 (Russian).
4. ^ Charles P. Poole: Encyclopedic Dictionary of Condensed Matter Physics . Academic Press, London 2004, pp. 940 .
5. ↑ Erhard Hornbogen, Hans Warlimont: Metallkunde: A brief introduction to the structure and properties of metals and alloys . Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2013, p. 96 .
6. ↑ Yves Espelboin: World Directory of crystallographers and of Other Scientists Employing Crystallographic Methods . 9th edition. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin 2013, ISBN 94-017-3699-5 , p. 152 .
7. ^ GV Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics (accessed May 23, 2016).
8. ↑ Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP) ( Memento of the original from May 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on May 24, 2016). 
9. ↑ Isaac M. Khalatnikov: From the Atomic Bomb to the Landau Institute: Autobiography. Top non-secret. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin 2012, ISBN 3-642-27561-3 , p. 9 .