Gerloff's Villa (Magdeburg)
The Gerloffsche Villa is a listed factory owner's villa in the Magdeburg district of Westerhüsen and belonged to the Gerloff shipyard .
location
The house is at the address Kieler Straße 5a / b in the immediate vicinity of the banks of the Elbe . It was built in 1891 as a manufacturer's villa on the site of the shipyard and coal and straw wholesaler Wilhelm Gerloff . The building contractor Fr. Schmidt was responsible for the construction of the neo-renaissance building .
architecture
The villa has two floors, with the ground floor facing the Elbe to the east being laid out as a basement on the west and south due to the hillside location . The ground floor is plastered and has arched windows ; the upper floor has an orange brick facade. On the north side, instead of a representative facade, there is a simple fire wall , as the factory buildings were originally attached here, but have not been preserved. Access is from the west side. Here the entrance is emphasized by a risalit . The facade facing the Elbe has six window axes; a two-axis bay protrudes in the middle, which extends from the upper floor to the attic. The roof itself is designed as a flat hip roof . On the south side there is a balcony supported by columns, above it a two-axis roof bay window, the large rectangular window of which was added later. Both bay windows are crowned by a small triangular gable .
history
The Gerloff family acquired the property in 1860. The wife of the Kossaten Peter Gerloff bought the property from Moses Sommerguth . In 1871, his son Wilhelm Gerloff, who was born on March 13, 1839 in Westerhüsen, took over the property, which was built on a farm. Gerloff took part in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870/71 and married Wilhelmine Tuch on October 12, 1871 in Atzendorf . Although Gerloff had only attended the village school , he built up a larger company in a short time, whereby the favorable location of the property on the Elbe helped. First he took over haulage for the Neustadt-based company Gebrüder Böhmer and then began trading in grain, straw and hay. He first pressed straw with a gopel , later with steam power and sold it to a Dresden factory for straw . He mainly acquired Bohemian lignite , which he sold in the area. In order to have the necessary storage and transshipment area, he also acquired the Elbe foreland off the Elbe towards Westerhüsen. Initially only directly in front of his property, later also further south to south of the St. Stephen's Church . To fill up the area, he had ash from Buckau brought in for several years .
The old farm was constantly rebuilt and expanded. In 1872 a coal shed was built directly on the Elbe, which was extended northwards for the first time in 1876 and then extended to Thüringerstraße in 1881 . In 1887 the shed burned down and was replaced by a larger one, in which 100,000 quintals of coal could be stored and which had a cart system. In 1879, a coach house was built to the west of the courtyard entrance , which was converted into an apartment in 1883. In 1880 an office building was built on the Elbe side of the front garden . In 1891, according to other information, in 1892, the villa, which is still preserved today, was built between the office and the coal shed. The former residence remained as a civil servants' house. Also in 1891 the western stables were rebuilt and expanded with the purchase of a strip of land. At the same time, an old barn was demolished. A straw magazine was built in its place and the garden behind .
Likewise in 1891 Gerloff founded a shipyard on his property . There, north of the Westerhüsen ferry, a small booth was built from the remains of an old ferry, and further north a small workshop with a forge , punch and drill. Further north there were large earth winds and the Helgen . There the ships were built or repaired and then launched across the Elbe. The first ship to be built was a barge for Kohlen-Meinecke as early as 1891 . In 1892 a wooden ferry followed for the directly neighboring Elbe ferry Westerhüsen. Later the ships were also built from metal plates that were delivered from Brandenburg .
In 1898 Gerloff acquired additional land on Thüringer Straße to create a timber deficit . A sawmill was also built here and later a civil servants' house. In 1902, the former school property at Kielerstrasse 7 and the property at Eisenacher Strasse 2, including the coal shop there, were purchased. The sheds located there on the banks of the Elbe were combined, and an existing intermediate wall was replaced by pillars. The shed was also given a uniform cardboard roof, the material for which came from the dance hall of the former Westerhüser Budenverein . The shed shaped the townscape in a prominent place for more than a century and was demolished in the spring of 2010, after it had been used as a boat shed since 1926.
The trade in coal was very successful. Gerloff supplied the whole area with lignite and, in addition to Westerhüsen, also has coal handling points in Buckau, Prester and in front of the brickworks in Randau .
Together with August Hohmann , whose son later had the Hohmannsche Villa built, Gerloff then acquired the land south of Westerhüsen between the railway and the Elbe. Gerloff intended to build a paper mill there. According to his plans, a railway connection was to be laid there, which was then to be extended north to the Gerloffs plant and later on towards Buckau.
Wilhelm Gerloff died on August 28, 1905 of a heart condition. The company was continued by Gustav Becker , the husband of Gerloff's only daughter Elisabeth. However, the business kept getting smaller. First the shipyard was closed. The straw trade also had to end. The coal trade suffered particularly from the fact that coal deliveries from Bohemia were stopped at the beginning of the First World War . The large coal shed also burned down due to spontaneous combustion on August 1, 1914. The straw barn was also destroyed. Three steam jets had come from Magdeburg to fight the big fire. Becker died on January 2, 1923. At first his wife continued to run the business, but had to give up the business at the end of 1925 due to an incurable disease. The company's history ended with that. Master builder Karl Klepp took over the remaining coal business and relocated it to Hilligerstrasse 3 . The workshop to the west of the courtyard housed a dairy and later a sausage factory owned by the butcher Otto Fritsche . A sawmill was built in the northern remains of the burned coal shed.
In the time of the GDR , the structure of the villa had deteriorated significantly. In 1995 it was feared that it would be demolished. In the following time, however, the villa was renovated. Various modern apartment buildings were built in the area. Modern buildings were added directly to the northwest side of the villa, which detracts from the overall impression of the building.
During the Elbe flood in 2013 , the flood reached the ground floor of the Gerloff Villa on around June 7th.
literature
- List of monuments Saxony-Anhalt, Volume 14, State capital Magdeburg , State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt, Michael Imhof Verlag Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-531-5 , page 341
- Magdeburg-Westerhüsen , supplement to the Magdeburg Church Gazette, 1930s
Individual evidence
- ↑ Westerhüsens Krieger 1864, 1866 and 1870/71 in From the home history of Magdeburg-Westerhüsen , August 1942
- ^ List of monuments, Magdeburg, page 341
- ^ Westerhüsen, Kirchenblatt, 1930s
- ^ From the diaries of Karl Gehrecke in From the local history of Magdeburg-Westerhüsen , August 1942
- ^ Sabine Ullrich in Wilhelminian style villas in Magdeburg , state capital Magdeburg 1995, page 7
- ^ List of monuments in Magdeburg, page 341
Coordinates: 52 ° 4 ′ 1.2 " N , 11 ° 40 ′ 41.2" E