Giacomo Luigi Ciamician

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Giacomo Luigi Ciamician

Giacomo Luigi Ciamician (born August 27, 1857 in Trieste , † January 2, 1922 in Bologna ) was an Italian chemist. He was a pioneer in photochemistry .

life and work

Ciamician studied in Vienna and received his doctorate from Hugo Weidel in Gießen in 1880 . Then he was a lecturer in Rome, from 1887 associate professor at the University of Padua and in 1889 professor of general and biological chemistry at the University of Bologna .

Between 1880 and 1905, Ciamician dealt with the chemistry of pyrrole , photochemistry, especially between 1900 and 1915 with his assistant Paolo Silber, and in the field of biochemistry with the photochemical conversion of chemical compounds in plants, alkaloids in plants, and analyzed various vegetable oils . He also carried out spectroscopic examinations. He clarified the structure of pyrrole, synthesized it from succinimide and synthesized many derivatives of pyrrole, including iodol (tetraiodopyrrole) as a replacement for iodoform. The Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement is a pyrrole ring extension named after him and Max Dennstedt , a colleague in his laboratory, as is the Ciamician-Plancher rearrangement .

In photochemistry, photo-disproportionation is named after Ciamician (1901) (rearrangement of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde to 2-nitrosobenzoic acid). His first photochemical work appeared in 1886, on the conversion of quinone to hydroquinone under the action of light, and he discovered many other photochemical reactions, some with Paolo Silber. In 1912 he published an article in Science with his vision of an ecologically clean photochemical industry of the future based on bio-organic chemistry.

His brother-in-law was the Italian chemist Raffaello Nasini . He died in Bologna on January 2, 1922.

Honors and memberships

He was a member of the Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze and from 1910 Senator of the Kingdom of Italy (first from Trieste). Since 1901 he was a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences , since 1909 a corresponding member of the Prussian and since 1910 of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and since 1912 of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Saint Petersburg .

Emil Fischer proposed him several times for the Nobel Prize, and his spectroscopic studies helped Mendeleev to construct the periodic table.

See also

literature

Web links

  • Entry in the Senatori dell'Italia liberale database of the Historical Archives of the Italian Senate

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ biographical data, publications and Academic pedigree of Giacomo Luigi Ciamician at academictree.org, accessed on 28 January 2018th
  2. ^ Ciamician, The photochemistry of the future. Science 36: 385-394 (1912). Paper presented at the 8th International Congress for Applied Chemistry in New York.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 59.
  4. ^ Members of the previous academies. Giacomo Ciamician. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities , accessed on March 9, 2015 .
  5. ↑ Member entry by Giacomo Ciamician (with a link to an obituary by Richard Willstätter ) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on January 16, 2017.
  6. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Giacomo Ciamician. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed November 6, 2015 .
  7. ^ Costa, Dictionary of Scientific Biography
personal data
SURNAME Ciamician, Giacomo Luigi
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian chemist
DATE OF BIRTH August 27, 1857
PLACE OF BIRTH Trieste
DATE OF DEATH January 2, 1922
Place of death Bologna