Poison saffron umbrella
| Poison saffron umbrella | ||||||||||||
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| Chlorophyllum venenatum | ||||||||||||
| ( Bon ) C. Lange & Vellinga |
The poison saffron umbrella or poison giant umbrella ( Chlorophyllum venenatum , syn. Macrolepiota venenata ) is a type of mushroom whose existence and precise classification within the mushroom relatives family is controversial.
features
The hat of the poison saffron umbrella has a diameter of about 5–30 cm and is covered on a light background with a dark brown skin that tears open radially or in coarse scales. The white lamellas are free, so they do not reach the stem . The stem, the length of which does not usually exceed the diameter of the hat, has no snaking and has a simple ring . At the base of the stem there is a large, clearly edged tuber. When injured, the flesh turns orange, red or brownish.
An immediate, clear blue-green discoloration on contact with iron (II) sulfate , a putrid odor and a slightly greenish shimmer of the lamellae in young fruiting bodies were also described.
Species delimitation
The poison saffron umbrella differs from other saffron umbrellas in that it has no buckles . However, this microscopic feature is difficult to determine because the garden saffron umbrella also only has a few buckles.
distribution
The poison saffron umbrella occurs mainly in southern European countries, for example in France , where it was first described by Marcel Bon in 1979 . The fungus is considered rare in Central Europe. Finds in the former GDR and Denmark were also reported . It grows on compost heaps , in gardens and greenhouses, on heavily fertilized beds and in other, preferably warm, locations with nutrient-rich soil.
Systematics
Within the family of mushroom relatives, the poison saffron umbrella was previously classified in the genus of the giant umbrella ( Macrolepiota ). Today it is counted among the saffron umbrellas ( Chlorophyllum ). Sometimes it is also considered a variety of the common saffron umbrella .
It is also doubtful whether the poison saffron umbrella is an independent species at all, or whether the mushrooms in question are incorrectly identified garden saffron umbrellas. Reports of poisoning are explained with intolerances, which also occur in garden saffron umbrellas, or with insufficient preparation, since many mushrooms are poisonous when raw. With Chlorophyllum molybdites , the non-native European type of the saffron umbrella species, a closely related fungus is also poisonous.
meaning
The poison saffron umbrella is considered poisonous. It is said to cause gastrointestinal complaints and is therefore not an edible mushroom. It is therefore unpleasant to confuse them with other edible, saffron and giant parasols such as the Parasol .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Ralf Martin, Armin Groß: The poison giant umbrella - Macrolepiota venenata Bon . Portrait of an extremely rare find in Saarland 01/18/98. In: The Tintling . tape 10 , no. 2 , 1998, ISSN 1430-595X ( available online ).
- ^ A b Else C. Vellinga: Chlorophyllum in Great Britain . In: Field Mycology . tape 7 , no. 4 , 2006, p. 136–140 ( berkeley.edu [PDF; 926 kB ]).
- ↑ a b c Christian Lange, Else C. Vellinga: Rabarber-Parasolhat holder flyttedag - molekylær-genetiske studier omkring slægten Macrolepiota . In: Svampe . tape 50 , 2004, ISSN 0106-7451 , p. 23–42 (Danish, online [PDF; 777 kB ; accessed on December 1, 2017]).