Poison laurels

Poison laurels
Spring poison lobster ( Gyromitra esculenta )
Systematics
Department : Ascomycota mushrooms Subdivision : Real ascent mushrooms (Pezizomycotina) Class : Pezizomycetes Order : Cuplets (Pezizales) Family : Giftlorchelverwandte (Discinaceae) Genre : Poison laurels
Scientific name
Gyromitra
Fr.

The poison laurels ( Gyromitra ) are a genus of the hose mushrooms from the order of the cupling relatives (Pezizales).

The type species is the spring poison lobster ( Gyromitra esculenta ).

features

Macroscopic features

The poison lobsters form large, stalked (light velloid) or sessile, bowl-shaped (cupulate) fruiting bodies ( apothecia ), some of which contain gyromitrin . The spore powder is white in color.

Microscopic features

The fungal threads ( hyphae ) do not have buckles on the transverse walls ( septa ) . The opercular tubes ( ascus ) do not blue on contact with iodine solution . Inside each 8  spores mature. These are transparent ( hyaline ), elliptical to spindle-shaped and can be smooth-walled or ornamented. The spores are filled with 1-3 drops of oil. Some species develop an appendage at their ends. The outer cell layer of the spores ( perispora ) is cyanophilic, so it can be stained with cotton blue.

ecology

The poison lobsters are ground-dwelling and presumably saprobionts , which occur in forests and bushes. They also colonize secondary locations such as wood storage areas, bark mulch or wood chips.

species

The genus contains around 20 species worldwide. Some authors regard the species with rough spurs with a tip as a separate genus Discina . The following species occur in Europe or are to be expected there:

Venomous laurel ( Gyromitra ) in Europe

German name Scientific name Author quote Adjoining Lorchel Gyromitra accumbens Harmaja 1986 Diverse Lorchel Gyromitra ambigua (P. Karsten 1880) Harmaja 1969 Sliced ​​Lorchel Gyromitra ancilis (Persoon 1822: Fries 1822) roundabout 1984 Gyromitra bubakii Velenovský 1922 Spring poison lobster Gyromitra esculenta (Persoon 1800: Frieze 1822) Frieze 1849 Zipfel-Lorchel Gyromitra fastigiata (Krombholz 1834) Rehm 1896 Gyromitra fluctuans (Nylander 1868) Harmaja 1986 Earthy Lorchel Gyromitra geoginia (Rahm 1970) Harmaja 1976 Giant Lorchel Gyromitra gigas (Krombholz 1834) Cooke 1879 Bishop's cap Gyromitra infula (Schaeffer 1774: Fries 1822) Quélet 1886 Medium Lorchel Gyromitra intermedia (Benedix 1969) Harmaja 1976 Yolk yellow disc laurel Gyromitra leucoxantha (Bresadola 1882) Harmaja 1969 Long-handled Lorchel Gyromitra longipes Harmaja 1976 Black and white Lorchel Gyromitra melaleuca (Bresadola 1898) Donadini 1975 Shield-shaped Lorchel Gyromitra parma (J. Breitenbach & Maas Geesteranus 1973) Kotlaba & Pouzar 1974 Spiny Lorchel Gyromitra spinosospora (Lucchini & Pellandini 1989) A. Koch et al. 1996 Shiny Lorchel Gyromitra splendida Raitviir 1974 Tasmanian Lorchel Gyromitra tasmanica Berkeley & Cooke 1879

• 

  Giant Lorchel
  Gyromitra gigas

• 

  Bishop's
  cap Gyromitra infula

• 

  Shield-shaped Lorchel
  Gyromitra parma

• 

  Disc Lorchel
  Gyromitra ancilis

meaning

Food value

Some species of the genus, especially the spring laurel or spring laurel for short, were previously and are sometimes still collected as edible mushrooms today. However, this is not recommended today as poisoning has been observed.

etymology

The scientific generic name is derived from the ancient Greek gyros (circle) and mitra (cap) and refers to the cap-like hats of the fruiting bodies of some species.

swell

literature

• Achim Bollmann, Andreas Gminder , Peter Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms . In: Yearbook of the Black Forest mushroom teaching show . 4th edition. Volume 2. Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, 2007, ISSN  0932-920X (incl. CD with over 600 descriptions of the genre).

• Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .

• Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 , p. 379 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Elias Magnus Fries: Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae . tape 2 , 1849, p. 346 .

Web links

Commons : Venom laurel ( Gyromitra )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files