Zipfel-Lorchel
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Zipfel-Lorchel ( Gyromitra fastigiata ) |
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| Gyromitra fastigiata | ||||||||||||
| ( Krombh. ) Rehm |
The tip of the Lorchel ( Gyromitra fastigiata , Syn .: Discina fastigiata ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the poisonous Lorchel relatives . Characteristic are the large fruit bodies with brown, brain-like folded hats pulled out into several corners.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the Zipfel-Lorchel is 4–10 cm high and wide, in exceptional cases it can be even larger. It consists of several upwardly bent lobes, with three lobes usually being formed. The surface of the hat is ribbed and coarsely wound like a brain, the flaps of the hat are irregularly turned up and sloping towards the stem . The color varies from yellow to red-brown and changes to blackish tones as the spores ripen. The inside of the hollow hat is whitish. The chalk-white stem is cylindrical, ribbed and thickened towards the base. The lower part of the stem is always covered with earth. The flesh is white in color, fragile and watery to juicy. It has a faint spermatic odor.
Microscopic features
The fruit layer is on the surface of the hat. The spores are long-elliptical and measure 25–30 × 11–14 µm without the bilateral appendages. They are hyaline and have one large and two to three smaller drops of oil inside. Their surface is a little rough to reticulate-warty. They each have several pointed appendages at the ends. There are eight spores in each of the tubes .
Species delimitation
The hat of the spring poison lorchel, which also fructifies in spring, has no upturned tips, which in the case of the Zipfel lorchel are more reminiscent of the bishop 's hat that appears in autumn . Microscopically, both types can be differentiated by their spores.
Ecology and phenology
The Zipfel-Lorchel grows as a saprobiont in rich deciduous forests, less often in coniferous forests under spruce trees. Calcareous soils are preferred. The fruiting bodies appear in spring from March to May. In Central Europe the species occurs scattered from Lower Austria to Northeast Germany, whereby it is said to occur relatively frequently in Bohemia. German occurrences are known from the Thuringian Basin , the Kyffhäuser area and the area around Feldberg . Finds have also been found in Italy.
meaning
The food value of the Zipfel-Lorchel is controversial. While Cetto described the mushroom as edible and Kreisel called it "apparently non-toxic", newer sources indicate a gyromitrine content for the species and classify it as poisonous due to the possible poisoning of the gyromitra type . We therefore advise against consuming the Zipfel-Lorchel.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Bruno Cetto: Encyclopedia of Mushrooms. Volume 4. Taubles, Milchlinge, Boviste, Morels, Becherlinge u. a. BLV, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-405-13477-3 , p. 439 .
- ^ Edmund Michael , Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel : Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume 2. Non-leaf mushrooms (basidiomycetes without leaves, ascomycetes) . 3. Edition. Fischer, Jena 1986, ISBN 3-437-30347-3 , p. 378 .
- ^ Gyromitra fastigiata. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved July 10, 2013 (Italian, photos and microscopic images of the Zipfel-Lorchel).
