Gyromitrin

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Structural formula
Structure of gyromitrin
General
Surname Gyromitrin
other names
  • N -methyl- N -formylacetaldehyde hydrazone
  • N '-ethylidene- N -methylformhydrazide
Molecular formula C 4 H 8 N 2 O
Brief description

colorless crystals or liquid

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 16568-02-8
PubChem 9548611
ChemSpider 7827534
Wikidata Q423839
properties
Molar mass 100.2 g mol −1
Physical state

solid to liquid

density

1.05 g cm −3

Melting point

19.5 ° C

boiling point

143 ° C

safety instructions
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
Toxicological data

20 mg kg −1 ( LD Lo ,  human ,  oral )

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Gyromitrin is a poisonous and presumably carcinogenic chemical compound that is found, among other things, in spring lilac , a poisonous mushroom native to Europe and North America . Gyromitrin is volatile and soluble in water. The compound is very sensitive to oxidation even above −25 ° C and hydrolyzes easily in the presence of acids and bases.

Spring salmon ( Gyromitra esculenta ) - contains gyromitrin

In the human body, gyromitrin is converted to monomethylhydrazine . The initial symptoms after ingesting the substance are headache , nausea and dizziness . In large quantities, as is usually found in a single spring sallow, gyromitrin initially leads to liver failure and ultimately to death . The lethal dose for humans is 30 to 50 mg gyromitrin per kilogram body weight. Due to the volatility of gyromitrin, the mere presence of the poison mushrooms in a poorly ventilated room is sufficient to cause poisoning via the respiratory tract.

The therapy for oral gyromitrin poisoning consists of the administration of activated charcoal to remove residues of the food containing toxins from the organism, as well as vitamin B 6 as an antidote .

There is evidence from research that even small doses of gyromitrin can have cumulative carcinogenic effects.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e entry on gyromitrin. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on June 25, 2013.
  2. ↑ This substance has either not yet been classified with regard to its hazardousness or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  3. ↑ Entry on gyromitrin in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .

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