Gültholz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Gültholz (also applies wood , Bürgerholz ) is a Rechtlerwald near the Lower Franconian town of Kitzingen . The forest owes its name to the users who are organized in a so-called forest guild (based on the model of the merchants' guild ).

location

The Gültholz is located north of the Kitzinger district of Etwashausen on the left Main . The forest is bounded in the north by another forest area, today's state forest Klosterforst . The Rodenbach tributary to the Main , which flows past the forest from the northeast, is also limited there . In the east, the district of Großlangheim borders the Gültholz, in the south the Bimbach flows past. State road 2272 and the Kitzingen airfield are also located there . The forest is largely surrounded by industrial areas. State road 2271 leads past the forest to the west .

history

The history of the forest is closely linked to that of the Kitzinger citizenship. The use of the forest by a civil legal community, the so-called forest guild, may already go back to the time of the Franconian conquest . While older research assumed that the forest initially belonged to the Benedictine monastery of Kitzingen as the most important landlord of the city, more recent studies make the constancy of the civil ownership structure likely.

As early as 1534, the “burgerholtz” appeared in the Kitzingen official register. It was awarded to “hubner” and “lehener” without the city rulers of the margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach having to be informed. Citizens' rights were linked to their properties. They were assigned different proportions (a quarter of a height corresponded to a quarter of an acre of wood) of the forest. In 1564 the mayors of Kitzingen, the forester, the knife, the bridge master, the Klosterschultheiß, the monastery and the hospital received wood shares as official money.

The legal circle was closed by the property coupling and newcomers were no longer accepted in the 16th century. As late as 1718 it was said about the forest: "The common place and the council of Kitzingen had nothing to take or use." The legal community also survived the replacement of the manors when the kingdom of Bavaria passed in the 19th century. In 1835 the forest was "free property of all (...)" specifically listed landowners .

When the land register was created between 1900 and 1910, the shareholders were all entered individually. After 1945 the forest was framed by vegetable fields. In the 1920s, work began on converting the previous medium forest into a high forest . In 1974 the forest was also used for acorn fattening. A board of administrators consisting of eight lawyers and a chairman was created to protect the rights of the shareholders.

Flora and geology

Until the 1980s, the forest was converted into a high forest. Mainly conifers such as pine , spruce and Douglas fir were planted , supplemented by deciduous trees, especially linden , hornbeam , alder and ash . At the beginning of the 1980s, the restoration of the forest began. Without human influence it would be a typical alluvial forest without conifers, the conversion to this state is planned. Due to the aging of the forest, more intensive hunting has been tried out since 2009. This is to ensure that saplings can grow that would otherwise be eaten by deer.

In terms of nature, the forest is in the Steigerwald foreland or in the Albertshofener drifting sand area . This also explains the nature of the forest soil. Alluvial sandy soils made up of fine-grain drift or river sand predominate . More rarely there Lößdecken on which Lößlehmböden have made with brown soils.

Protected areas

Parts of the forest are excluded from forest management. This includes the so-called Long Lake, which is only about one hectare in size in the south-west of the forest. The lake is swampy and serves as a breeding ground for various water birds. This also explains the protection of the entire forest as a bird sanctuary in the southern Steigerwald foreland. The forest is also a registered fauna and flora habitat .

literature

  • Hermann Büchlein: The forest in the district of Kitzingen . In: Andreas Pampuch (ed.): Nature and landscape of the district of Kitzingen . Kitzingen 1979/1980. Pp. 108-116.
  • Reinhard Feisel, Stephanie Nomayo: Saufeder, Hirschfänger and Federspiel. Waidwerk in Franconia until the end of the feudal hunt. Accompanying volume for the special exhibition of the City Museum Kitzingen. November 22, 2013–30. March 2014 (= series of publications by the City Museum Kitzingen, vol. 7) . Kitzingen 2014.
  • Karl Will: The Giltholz . In: Andreas Pampuch (ed.): Nature and landscape of the district of Kitzingen II . Tape. Kitzingen 1981. pp. 282-286.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Booklet, Hermann: The forest in the district of Kitzingen . P. 110.
  2. ↑ Will, Karl: Das Giltholz . P. 282 f.
  3. ↑ Feisel, Reinhard (among others): Saufeder, Hirschfänger and Federspiel . P. 98.
  4. ↑ Will, Karl: Das Giltholz . P. 286.
  5. ↑ BR library: Gilt wood Kitzingen: forest for the wild with new hunting concept , accessed on 13 January 2018th
  6. ↑ Will, Karl: Das Giltholz . P. 286.

Coordinates: 49 ° 45 ′ 20 ″  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 43 ″  E