About houses
|
About houses
Large district town of Kitzingen
Coordinates: 49 ° 44 ′ 29 ″ N , 10 ° 10 ′ 6 ″ E
|
|
|---|---|
| Height : | 186 m |
| Residents : | 2182 (1987) |
| Incorporated into: | Kitzingen |
| Postal code : | 97318 |
| Area code : | 09321 |
 Location of Etwashausen (bold) in the Kitzinger municipality
|
|
 |
|
Etwashausen is a district of the large district town of Kitzingen in the district of the same name in Lower Franconia. For a long time the place was called the suburb of Kitzingen.
Geographical location
Etwashausen is located directly to the east of the Kitzinger core city on the left side of the Main . The municipality of Albertshofen begins to the north , while the Kitzingen airfield rises to the east . Further to the east, on the other hand, is the Großlangheim market , which has already grown together with a large industrial area. In the south, the Kitzingen districts of Siedlung and Hagenmühle adjoin Etwashausen. The entire west is taken by Kitzingen itself.
Naturally, all Kitzinger districts are located along the Main in the dry and dry Kitzinger Main Valley , which is part of the Middle Main Valley within the Mainfränkische Platten .
history
The suburb of Etwashausen was mentioned only four years after neighboring Kitzingen was first mentioned in a document in 749. At that time the settlement belonged as a Fronhof to the influential Benedictine monastery in Kitzingen and was called "Ottwinishuson". The name probably refers to the village founder Otwin, the ending -hausen , on the other hand, indicates a late foundation in the 8th or 9th century. Later the name Etwashausen was interpreted as the "village a little outside", before Kitzingen.
In the 12th century the village was called Ottenhausen. At the beginning of the 14th century, 1300, a bridge between the settlements of Kitzingen and Etwashausen was first mentioned. In 1428 the village "Epshausen" was called the suburb of Kitzingen. In the 15th century, the residents of Etwashausen began to surround their village with a wall, so in 1447 the so-called Mainbernheimer Tor was built. Here the traffic from the direction of Nuremberg reached the wine metropolis Kitzingen.
However, the flourishing wine trade in nearby Kitzingen meant that Etwashausen was only a transit station for the many travelers. Nevertheless, there were some connections between Kitzingen and its suburb. Many festivals were celebrated in Etwashausen, so the shooting festival was settled here . Nevertheless, a customs post at the so-called bridge or main gate also made the differences between the city and the suburbs clear.
In 1629 the Würzburg Monastery was able to redeem the Etwashausen loaned to the Margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach . The margraves had introduced the Reformation in Kitzingen and Etwashausen and the Würzburg bishops forced the recovery of the population to the old faith in the period that followed. With the so-called contract of faith of December 17, 1650, the Kitzingen Lutherans received their own house of worship in the suburbs.
However, this was preceded by the Thirty Years' War , which also brought a lot of suffering to the Kitzinger suburb. Many documents were lost during the clashes. Ecclesiastically Etwashausen has always been part of the Johannes parish of Kitzingen. Between 1650 and 1741, however, there was a separate house of worship, the Church of St. Maria, in which Protestants and Catholics could hold church services together ( Simultaneum ).
This only changed in the 18th century. After the Protestants in Kitzingen had received permission to build their own house of worship, the Catholic Prince-Bishop Friedrich Carl von Schönborn came before them. He commissioned his court architect, Balthasar Neumann, to build the Kreuzkapelle, which was consecrated in 1745. The Protestant church of St. Michael could only be completed in 1754, so that there were now two churches in the immediate vicinity.
Economically, in the middle of the 18th century, Etwashausen concentrated on the gardening operations that still characterize the surrounding area today. As early as 1547, the citizen Hannß Klug was named the first gardener, in 1617 the trade was officially recognized as a craft . In 1750 there were 25 families in Etwashausen who made a living from gardening. The number rose to 86 nurseries by 1835.
In the 19th century Etwashausen had finally become part of the town of Kitzingen and was called the fourth district . Construction of the railway began in 1864 and was completed in 1890 with the construction of the railway bridge. By 1892 Etwashausen had its own train station, which was the starting point for the so-called “Steigerwaldexpress”. In 1945 the railway bridge was blown up. The 20th century was marked by the decline in gardening businesses.
Attractions
The center of the district is still today the Kreuzkapelle built by Balthasar Neumann on the right bank of the Main. It was built between 1741 and 1745 and is dedicated to the Holy Cross . The shape of the church is accordingly built in the shape of a cross. Unlike many other sacred buildings, the chapel faces north. The outside of the church is structured by pilasters and lighted through with simple arched windows .
The tower was installed above the rounded south facade. Inside, the high altar of the chapel impresses with its low structure and the rich structure of angel figures. The back wall was made with a crucifix and the representation of God the Father and the dove of the Holy Spirit. Above the portal you can see the figures of Mary and John. Around 1800 the pulpit came inside the church, which was worked in the style of classicism .
The counterpart to the Kreuzkapelle is the former Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Michael. It was also built in the 18th century just a few meters to the east. Balthasar Neumann again provided the designs for this church. After 1817 the church became the property of the Kingdom of Bavaria , which it profaned . In the following years the church was rebuilt and came into private hands as a residential building. Only the facade still reminds of the earlier use.
Of the five former city gates of Etwashausen, the Großlangheimer Tor (the "Barthelsturm") from 1565 in today's Flugplatzstraße with its narrow, arched gate passage is the only remaining structure of its kind in the gardening suburb. In addition to the large sacred buildings, several private houses have been preserved in Etwashausen. There are mostly two-storey commercial buildings from all centuries, especially on Mainbernheimer Strasse. The large courtyard gates are reminiscent of the history of the gardening suburb with its herb sales . In 1897 a factory owner's villa was built on Heinrich-Fehrer-Strasse. It refers to the settlement of industrial companies. The former command post from 1915 is located at today's airfield.
Economy and Infrastructure
Kitzingen-Schweinfurt railway line
At the end of the 19th century, Etwashausen was connected to the Bavarian railway network. In 1893 the Kitzingen- Gerolzhofen section of the so-called Steigerwaldbahn (also Lower Steigerwaldbahn) was completed, Etwashausen was equipped with a stop. The branch line connected from 1903 Kitzingen with the Schweinfurt Hauptbahnhof and was one of the longer branch lines in Germany.
Traffic on the route began to be reduced in the 1980s. Finally, in 2007, the section between Kitzingen and Großlangheim was also closed to freight traffic due to suspected contaminated sites from the Second World War . For a long time there have been initiatives to reactivate passenger traffic on the disused route. At the beginning of 2019 a fierce dispute broke out over the design of the restart, which has continued to this day, which became a political issue .
literature
- Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen. An art and culture guide . Market wide 1993.
- Richard Herz: Chronicle of the Evang. Luth. Parish of Kitzingen . Kitzingen 1963.
- Helga Lenz: The gardening suburb of Etwashausen. A folklore study. (Allow.) . Wuerzburg 1977.
- Adam Schmitt: Jubilee of the Kreuzkirche in Etwashausen in the suburb of Kitzingen a / M. Sermon on the centenary of her initiation . Kitzingen 1845.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 364 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Helga Lenz: The gardening suburb Etwashausen . P. 4.
- ^ Helga Lenz: The gardening suburb Etwashausen . P. 10.
- ^ Adam Schmitt: Jubilee of the Kreuzkirche in Etwashausen . P. 7.
- ↑ Richard Herz: Chronicle of the Evang. Luth. Parish of Kitzingen . P. 79 f.
- ^ Helga Lenz: The gardening suburb Etwashausen . P. 30.
- ^ Hans Bauer: District of Kitzingen . P. 52.
- ↑ mainpost.de: By train through the inner city of Schweinfurt, August 2, 2019. Accessed on January 19, 2020 .
- ↑ mainpost.de: IHK: Steigerwaldbahn would strengthen the region, July 20, 2018. Accessed on January 20, 2020 .
Eheriedermühle I | Eheriedermühle II | About houses | Hagenmühle | Hoheim | Hohenfeld | Kitzingen | Repperndorf | Sickershausen | settlement