Giobatta Giustinian

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Giobatta Giustinian

Giobatta Giustinian ( GB Giustinian , rarely Giovannibattista Giustinian or Giambattista Giustinian ; * December 25, 1816 in Venice ; † April 1, 1888 ibid) fought against Austrian supremacy in Veneto and became the first elected mayor after the annexation to Italy from 1866 to 1868 Venice, an office he held again from 1877 to 1878.

Life

Giobatta was born the son of Lucrezia Priuli and Francesco, conte Giustinian. In 1848 he became assessore della Congregazione municipale di Venezia . He represented the municipality ( Contrada ) Santi Gervasio e Protasio in 1848 in the provincial assembly.

While Venice belonged to Austria from 1814 to 1848 and from 1849 to 1866 , even after the attempted uprising from 1848 to 1849 under Daniele Manin , new groups emerged who wanted to end this situation. To Giustinian which a partisan Manin was and deputy of the Legislative Assembly, was in Turin a circle, which Comitato Nazionale di Liberazione called. From this the Comitato Centrale di Venezia was controlled, which had its seat in Padua . Giuseppe Garibaldi himself became president of such a committee in 1861, the aim of which was the liberation of Venice and the connection to Italy, which was unified in 1860. During these years of escalating tensions, many residents left Venice, with 878 people secretly leaving the city in 1861 alone, and in the following year 1579, including the Giustinians, who went to Turin. Giobatta became president of the central committee in support of the emigration of Turin and Milan that year 1862 , which, however, served the purpose of liberating Veneto from the Austrians. At the same time he sat in the Italian Parliament in Rome in 1860 and again in 1864-1865 . (That cannot be true: Rome was not yet part of Italy at this point in time) When he was promoted to senator , he had to resign from this task.

Giustinian had married Elisabetta Michiel, who asked her husband, despite the threat of expulsion and sequestration of his property and his real estate, not to send a supplicant to the Austrian emperor, but to write to Metternich : “Il conte Giustinian non domanda, né riceverà mai atti di grazia dall'imperatore d'Austria ”(“ Count Giustinian does not request and never receives acts of grace from the Emperor of Austria. ”).

Giuistinian had to work towards his return for four years. Vienna had confiscated goods returned on January 1, 1866, and Pierluigi Bembo was re-elected Podestà on April 24 . On May 22, all those who had emigrated against the current law and fought against Austria were subject to martial law. In addition, the Italian army was defeated on June 24 at the battle of Custozza , the fleet on July 20 at Lissa . The tide turned with the defeat of the Austrians against Prussia in the Battle of Königgrätz . Austria was forced to conclude an armistice with Italy on August 12, 1866 and to give up Veneto.

The city was first handed over to France, whose representative General Louis Leboeuf de Montgermont arrived in Venice on August 28th. On October 3rd there was a treaty between the three powers involved. Italy paid 35 million florins to Vienna and assumed the debts of Veneto. Rail traffic was resumed on October 6, and the political prisoners were released five days later. The first 200 Italian soldiers came to Venice on October 13th, followed three days later by the other troops scheduled for Venice. The king's representative was Giuseppe Pasolini .

On October 19, the imperial representative of Vienna, Karl Moering, formally handed the city over to the imperial representative of Paris , the aforementioned Louis Leboeuf de Montgermont, who passed it on to the royal representative of Rome. The Italian fleet drove through the Porta di Malamocco into the lagoon. On October 21st and 22nd, plebiscites were held that confirmed the connection with Italy. With little participation in the direction by name and recognizable by the colors of the voting cards, the overwhelming majority voted with 674,426 votes for, only 69 against the connection.

On October 29, 1866, the returned Giustinian was able to take over the office of Podestà of Venice, as the city leaders were called under Austrian leadership. On November 5th he was accepted into the royal senate. King Victor Emmanuel visited the city from November 7th to 14th . He was received at the train station and rowed across the Grand Canal by gondoliers in historical clothing.

Giustinian held his office until 1868. Together with his wife he took care of school education and other social problems.

From November 26th to December 3rd, 1866, 1,525 of 4,033 eligible voters voted for Conte Giustinian, who had previously been persecuted by the Austrians. On February 26, 1867, the mayor received Garibaldi with a large crowd . On March 22nd, Daniele Manin's ashes from Paris were taken in a solemn ceremony in Venice.

In May 1867 the municipality bought Ca 'Loredan , further purchases were to follow, because many Venetian noble families were economically ruined and tried to keep their heads above water by selling art and real estate. A Volksbank (Banca popolare) was established on June 6th, chaired by Luigi Luzzatti . The first glass-blowing factories were also newly established, especially Salviati & C. , founded by Austen Henry Layard and Antonio Salviati , which was renamed Società a responsabilità limitata dei vetri e mosaici di Venezia e Murano at the end of the year . In 1868 a higher commercial school, the Scuola superiore del Commercio , was established, and in 1869 the mayor, who was no longer in office, founded a higher school for girls with his wife. On the other hand, riots broke out when the tax on flour was to be increased in 1868.

Giustinian led a decidedly conservative government made up of moderate liberals and representatives of the previous city regiment. During his time, plans were made to build the Strada Nova , the port and craft shops were expanded. His successor was Giuseppe Giovanelli in 1868 , after the commissioner Ferdinando Laurin , who had been in office since 1867, had taken over the management of the city and organized elections.

The economic and social situation in northeast Italy was extremely tense. Mass emigration began in Veneto , which was intensified by high taxes on the milling of grain and on bread, so that by 1890 nearly 1.4 million people had left their homeland. Riots broke out in Vicenza , Cavarzere , Cadore , Legnago and Polesine .

After the death of her husband in 1889, Elisabetta Michiel Giustinian left the Palazzo Basadonna Giustinian Recanati to the city in order to accommodate a girls' school, the Scuola Superiore femminile , which had existed since 1869. It was closed in 1916.

An Ostello in Santa Croce is named after Giustinian, in the same sestiere the Asilo bambini lattanti e slattati GB Giustinian - Venezia , which looks after babies, and there is also a school materna of this name, a kindergarten and a guest house, a foresteria .

Web links

Remarks

  1. Quoted from: Nadia Maria Filippini (Ed.): Donne sulla scena pubblica. Società e politica in Veneto tra Sette e Ottocento , Milan 2006, p. 129.
  2. ^ Martin Garrett: Venice. A Cultural and Literary Companion , Signal Books, Oxford 2001, pp. 44 f.
  3. Gustav Frigyesi: L'Italia nel 1867. Storia politica e militare corredata di documenti molti editIT ed inediti e di notizie Speciali , Vol 1, Florence 1868, p 151f..
  4. ^ Domus GB Giustinian