Giorgio da Sebenico

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Juraj Dalmatinac, bust in Zadar

Giorgio da Sebenico ("Georg von Šibenik"), also called Giorgio di Matteo da Zara ("Georg, son of Matthew from Zadar"), Juraj Dalmatinac (Georgius Dalmaticus / "Georg von Dalmatien") and posthumously Giorgio Orsini (* around 1410 possibly in Zadar ; † October 10, 1473 in Šibenik ) was a Dalmatian sculptor and architect who was mainly active in Dalmatia and Ancona .

Life

Whether and where Giorgio da Sebenico worked in Venice before his appearance has not yet been proven. Giorgio was probably trained as an architect and sculptor in the workshop of Giovanni and Bartolomeo Buon in Venice , where, as a member of the Buon workshop, he was probably involved in the artistic design of the Porta della Carta at the Doge's Palace .

Statue of Juraj Dalmatinac in Šibenik

In Venice Giorgio married Elizabetta da Monte, who brought him money and houses as a dowry . He invested Elizabetta's money in a grocery store and a merchant ship, both of which brought good returns. Giorgio gave his wife a power of attorney that authorized her to run the business during his absence.

From 1450 he worked in Ancona, where he signed a contract for the delivery of Istrian stone for the construction of the Rimini Cathedral , but failed to fulfill it, which is why he was charged in court. In 1459 he bought a house in Ancona.

Giorgio and Elizabetta's daughter Flavia married the Dalmatian painter Giorgio Culinovich (Schiavone), in Croatian Juraj Čulinović, in 1463.

Giorgio died in 1473, probably in Šibenik.

Giorgio signed contracts and often signed his works of art with the name Georgius Dalmaticus .

plant

In addition to his beginnings in Venice, Giorgio da Sebenico was mainly active in Dalmatia in the then Venetian Stato da Mar , especially in Šibenik and Dubrovnik as well as in Ancona . His work is characterized by an intermediate position between traditional Gothic art , Venetian-Byzantine elements and the new developments in Renaissance art in Italy.

Venice

In Venice, he is credited with working on the Porta della Carta of the Doge's Palace and on the sculptural decoration of the Scuola di San Marco .

Cathedral of St. Jacob in Šibenik

Šibenik

His main work is the Cathedral of St. Jacob in Šibenik , an impressive building made of Istrian stone , the architecture of which is influenced by contemporary Venetian church architecture. The cathedral was designed by a certain Girolamo da Giacomo, but construction work had been stopped due to construction defects. Giorgio resumed construction in 1451 and was busy with the cathedral until 1460. He expanded Girolamo's design to include two aisles, the transept and two chapels on the apse . The statues of Peter and Paul on the side portal, the statues of Simeon and David in the baptistery and reliefs in the vault of the nave are from his hand . In 1452 he had the sacristy added .

A special feature of the cathedral is that it was built entirely without timber and bricks, but only from Istrian limestone. The church is a UNESCO World Heritage Site .

Ancona

From 1441 to 1460 Giorgio stayed mainly in Ancona . There he was commissioned with the construction of the Loggia dei medicanti , which he also decorated with allegorical figures, a. a. decorated with a Caritas . In 1459 he completed the facade of the Church of San Francesco alle Scale, in 1490 the portal of Sant'Agostino, where he decorated the lunette of the portal with a figure of the church father Augustine .

The Minčeta Tower in Dubrovnik

Ragusa / Dubrovnik

In 1464 Giorgio was appointed state engineer of Ragusa, today's Dubrovnik , but had to leave the city the following year due to the plague .

His orders in Dubrovnik primarily concerned the fortifications of the city that Michelozzo had begun in 1461 . Two towers of the city fortifications, the Minceta Tower and the Katarina Tower , were built under his direction. He designed the elegant Renaissance portico at the Rector's Palace in Dubrovnik.

Other buildings in Dalmatia

His numerous buildings in Dalmatia include u. a. the still in Gothic style Palazzo Papali and a marble altar in the cathedral of Split , the chapel of San Ranieri in the today largely destroyed church of Sant'Eufemia and the tomb of St. Ranierus in Castel Vitturi.

Family relationships

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In older Italian and English literature, it is believed that Giorgio came from the Roman noble family of Orsini . In June 1455 Giorgio had bought a house in Šibenik from the nobleman Michele Simeonich, in whose lintel he carved a bear ( Orso , it. Bear ), which is also the heraldic animal of the Orsini. Federico Galvani (1883) suspected that Giorgio da Sebenico came from a branch of the Orsini family, and that his son took the family name after the death of his father. For economic reasons, Giorgio's father was forced to support his family with their own work. 65 years after Giorgio's death, his grandson Giacomo, a lawyer, was recognized as a legitimate descendant of the Orsini family. According to Cvito Fisković (1963), however, Giorgio never used the name Orsini during his lifetime. In the current research literature, a relationship to the Orsini is no longer assumed.

literature

Web links

Commons : Juraj Dalmatinac  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Giuseppe Mazzariol , Terisio Pignatti: Storia dell'arte italiana: Il Trecento e il Quattrocento. Edizioni Scolastiche Mondadori, Milan 1961, p. 138.
  2. ↑ Pietro Zampetti: Paintings from the Marches: Gentile to Raphael. Phaidon, London 1971, p. 97.
  3. ↑ Vincenzo Miagostovich (ed.): I nobili e il clero di Sevenico nes 1449 per la fabbrica della cathedral. Ubo Fosco, Sebenico 1910, p. 9 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Markham Schulz p. 69.
  5. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Le mura di Ragusa di Dalmazia )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.croazia-turismo.it
  6. ↑ ucalgary.ca  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Cultural Life of the Dubrovnik Republic (14th – 18th Centuries)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.ucalgary.ca  
  7. ^ Thomas Graham Jackson: Dalmatia: The Quarnero and Istria. Volume I. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1887, p. 406 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  8. ↑ Alice Lee Hornor Moqué: Delightful Dalmatia. 1914, p. 109 ( digital.library.upenn.edu )
    “ But alas, only the doorway now remains of the house which 'Michelle u, a nobleman of Sebenico, sold to Giorgio Orsini for two hundred golden ducats of just and good weight ', in the month of June and the year 1455. On the lintel of this old doorway is carved a bear, the heraldic emblem of the great house of Orsini - carved, no doubt, by George's own hand, over this door through which he must have passed so often. ”
  9. ^ Sir Thomas Graham Jackson: A holiday in Umbria: with an account of Urbino and the Cortegiano of Castiglione. J. Murray, London 1917, p. 38 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  10. ^ FA Galvani: Il re d'armi di Sebenico. Naratovich, Venezia 1883, pp. 158–166 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  11. ↑ Cvito Fisković, Nenad Spouse: George the Dalmatian. Zora, Zagreb 1963, p. 73.
personal data
SURNAME Giorgio da Sebenico
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Giorgio di Matteo da Zara; Juraj Dalmatinac; Orsini, Giorgio
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian sculptor and architect
DATE OF BIRTH around 1410
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Zadar
DATE OF DEATH October 10, 1473
Place of death unsure: Šibenik