Gisela friend

This article is about the archaeologist. For the photographer and photo historian, see Gisèle Freund .

Gisela Freund (born November 30, 1920 in Solingen ) is a prehistoric archaeologist. Her research focuses on prehistory and early history , the Paleolithic and Pleistocene , but also the Stone Age of South and East Asia. As her own research project, she directed “The Paleolithic and Mesolithic of the Lower Altmühltal II” ( chair rock grotto ).

academic career

After completing the Reich Labor Service from 1939 to 1940, she studied prehistory, history , German studies , art history , geography and palaeontology at the universities of Greifswald , Breslau and Prague until 1944 and was supported by Lothar Zotz during the excavation of the Himmler organization for the German Ahnenerbe in Dolní Vestonitse used in the occupied Reich Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . In 1944 she received her doctorate with a major in prehistory, prehistory and early history at the Philosophical Faculty of the German Charles University in Prague . Her topic was Pschedmost part 1: the state of research, part 2: the stone tools . The typed dissertation on the excavations at Předmostí (German Przedmost, near Přerov ) was never printed. In Prague she worked as an assistant at the Institute for Prehistory, Prehistory and Protohistory until her flight in 1945, whereby all scientific documents were lost.

After the end of the war she was unemployed for a year. From 1946 she worked on her habilitation thesis in the Prehistory Department of the University of Marburg , but in 1947 she received the position of assistant at the Institute for Prehistory of the University of Erlangen with Lothar Zotz, where she completed her habilitation in 1949 with Die Blattspitzen des Paleolithic in Europe .

From 1950 to 1954 she was a private lecturer in Erlangen, where she became a scientific assistant and private lecturer in 1955, was given a dietary professorship in the amount of 200 DM in 1956 and an extraordinary professorship the next year. From 1962 she headed the excavation that Zotz had started in the Altmühltal . From 1967 to 1969, after Zotz's death, she represented the Chair of Prehistory and Protohistory and was the acting head of the institute. In 1969 she was appointed to the chair for Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Hamburg . However, she turned it down in favor of an appointment to the chair of Prehistory and Protohistory at the University of Erlangen. This made her the first woman in Germany to be appointed to a C4 position , which was the highest endowed professorship at the time. She taught in Erlangen until 1987.

The first woman to ever receive a professorship in this subject in Germany was Johanna Mestorf (1828–1909) in 1899 . From 1920 to 1969, in prehistory and early history, only Clara Redlich (1908–1992), Elisabeth Schmid (1912–1994), with whom Freund had worked and was friends, and Waldtraut Schrickel (1920–2009) completed their habilitation . It was not until 1991 that Renate Rolle received a second and Amei Lang a third, grade C 4.

As early as 1951, Freund co-founded the Hugo Obermaier Society for Research into the Ice Age and the Stone Age, was its secretary from 1956 to 1982, and then vice-president until 1997. From 1971 she was a full member of the German Archaeological Institute . For almost four decades she was co-editor of the yearbook Quaternary (18-53 / 54 (1967-2006)), which Zotz had founded in 1952. She was a member of the Florentine Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria , Délégué de la Société Préhistorique de l'Ariège and Délégué de la Société Préhistorique Française .

Publications (selection)

• The tips of the leaves of the Paleolithic in Europe , Röhrscheid, Bonn 1952.
• (Ed.): Festschrift for Lothar Zotz. Stone Age issues in the old and new world , Röhrscheid, Bonn 1960.
• The older and middle stone ages in Bavaria. In: Annual report of the Bavarian soil monument preservation. 4, 1963, pp. 9-167 ISSN  0075-2835 .
• Microliths from the Middle Paleolithic of the Sesselfelsgrotte in the lower Altmühltal, Ldkr. Kelheim , in: Quartär 19 (1968) 133–154 ( online , PDF).
• with Lothar F. Zotz : The Middle Paleolithic rubble equipment industry from the area around Kronach in Upper Franconia (= material booklets on Bavarian prehistory. 27), Lassleben, Kallmünz 1973, ISBN 3-7847-5027-3 .
• The Palaeolithic in the Danube bend south of Regensburg (= material booklets on Bavarian prehistory , series A: Find inventories and excavation findings , 32), Lassleben, Kallmünz 1977, ISBN 3-7847-5032-X .
• The paleolithic of the Oberneder cave (district of Kelheim, Danube) (= Quaternary library. 5 = The palaeolithic and mesolithic of the Lower Altmühltal , 1), Röhrscheid, Bonn 1987, ISBN 3-7928-0500-6 .
• Économie des ressources lithiques dans le Moustérien du Sud-Ouest de la France , in: Marcel Otte (ed.): L'homme de Néandertal. Actes du colloque international de Liège (4-7 déc. 1986) , Vol. 6: La Subsistance (= Etudes et recherches archéologiques de l'Université de Liège , 33), Université Liège, Liège 1989, pp. 75-97.
• Course of excavation and stratigraphy. Commemorating Lothar Zotz (= Sesselfelsgrotte. 1 = research project "The Paleolithic and Mesolithic of the Lower Altmühltal II" , 1 = Quaternary Library , 8), Saarbrücker Druckerei und Verlag, Saarbrücken 1998, ISBN 3-930843-42-0 .
• with Ludwig Reisch (Ed.): Prehistoric Cultures in Nepal. From the Early Palaeolithic to the Neolithic and the Quaternary Geology of the Dang-Deokhuri Dun Valleys , 2 Bde., Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2007, ISBN 978-3-447-05581-9 .
• with Ludwig Reisch (ed.): Scientific investigations. Vertebrate fauna 1 (= chair rock grotto. 6 = research project “The Paleolithic and Mesolithic of the Lower Altmühltal II” , 6), Steiner, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-515-10603-0 .

literature

• Andrea Bräuning: Against forgetting. Professors in archeology (prehistory and early history). In: Jennifer M. Bagley, Christiana Eggl, Daniel Neumann, Michael Schefzik (eds.): Alps, Cult and Iron Age. Festschrift for Amei Lang on his 65th birthday (= International Archeology. Studia honoraria. 30). Leidorf, Rahden 2009, ISBN 978-3-89646-430-9 , pp. 3–24 , here pp. 11–12.

Web links

• Prof. Dr. Gisela Freund , website of the Institute for Prehistory and Protohistory Erlangen

Remarks

1. ↑ For the archaeological site of Przedmost see the Czech Wikipedia cs: Předmostí u Přerova (archeologická Lokalita)
2. ^ Bräuning: Against forgetting. In: Bagley et al. (Ed.): Alps, Cult and Iron Age. 2009, pp. 3–24, here p. 5.