Red-tailed shadow hummingbird
| Red-tailed shadow hummingbird | ||||||||||
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Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta |
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| Glaucis hirsutus | ||||||||||
| ( Gmelin, JF , 1788) |
The red-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Glaucis hirsutus ) or red-tailed hermit is a hummingbird from South America . In addition to the nominate form Glaucis hirsuta hirsuta from eastern Colombia , western Venezuela , eastern Ecuador and northern Peru , the subspecies Glaucis h. insularum differed from Trinidad and Tobago and Grenada .
description
The total length of the hummingbird is about twelve centimeters. The weight is around seven grams, the length of the strong, long and curved beak around three centimeters. The lower beak is yellowish with a black tip. Males and females are difficult to distinguish.
The male is shiny metallic olive green on its upper side, dark brown on the upper head. There is an indicated light stripe above the eye, while a cream-colored rein is visible below the eye and the ear area is dark gray. The throat , chin, chest, and sides of the abdomen are reddish brown while the abdomen itself is dashed grayish brown. The tail is rounded. The central control springs are shiny bronze-green and have a black transverse band in front of the white tips (sub- terminal band ). Their ends are pointed. The other control springs, on the other hand, are red-brown, but also have white tips and a black subterminal band.
The beak of the female shows a slightly more pronounced curve. The reddish brown of the breast is less pronounced and hardly distinguishable from the abdominal plumage. The ends of the central control springs are rounded.
Young birds have rust-colored feather edges in the area of the dorsal plumage.
A similar species is the copper shadow hummingbird ( Glaucis aenea ), which is common in Nicaragua , Panama , Colombia and Ecuador . The species is slightly smaller than the red-tailed shadow hummingbird and is red-brown on its entire underside.
distribution and habitat
The red-tailed shadow hummingbird is common in an area of Panama , Colombia , Ecuador , Peru , Bolivia , Venezuela , Guyana, and Brazil . The species is found in tropical and subtropical zones up to an altitude of about 1500 meters. The bird prefers areas of the rainforests close to the ground and there river banks and roadsides.
status
The red-tailed shadow hummingbird is not considered endangered (least concern). The taxon Threnetes grzimeki described in 1973 (named by Augusto Ruschi in honor of Bernhard Grzimek ) is today considered to be the immature male of the red-tailed shadow hummingbird.
Subspecies
So far, two subspecies are known, which differ mainly in their coloration and distribution area. These are:
- Glaucis hirsutus hirsutus ( Gmelin, JF , 1788) - The nominate form is widespread in Panama, western Colombia via Venezuela and the Guyanas to Brazil and northern Bolivia.
- Glaucis hirsutus insularum Hellmayr & Seilern , 1913 - The subspecies occurs on Grenada, Trinidad and Tobago.
Etymology and history of research
Johann Friedrich Gmelin described the hummingbird under the name Trochilus hirsutus . He gave Brazil as the place of discovery. It was not until 1831 that the species was assigned to the new genus Glaucis by Friedrich Boie . This word comes from the Greek word "glaukos γλαυκός " for "blue-gray, glauk , light green". “Hirsutus” is the Latin word for “hairy, bristly”. The Latin "insularum" means "islanders".
literature
- Helmut Folger: Hummingbirds. Your way of life and attitude . Ulmer, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-8001-7073-6
- J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliot, J. Sargatal (Eds.) (1999): Handbook of the Birds of the World . Volume 5: Barn-Owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 8487334253
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Johann Friedrich Gmelin: Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, Cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis . tape 1 , no. 1 . Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1788 ( online [accessed August 10, 2014]).
- Carl Eduard Hellmayr, Josef von Seilern and Aspang: Two new bird shapes from Trinidad . In: Negotiations of the Ornithological Society in Bavaria . tape 11 , no. 4 , 1913, pp. 315-316 ( online [accessed August 10, 2014]).
- Friedrich Boie: Comments on species and some ornithological families and clans . In: Isis von Oken . tape 24 , 1831, pp. 538-548 ( online [accessed Aug. 10, 2014]).
- Augusto Ruschi: Uma nova espécie de Threnetes (Aves, Trochilidae) - Threnetes grzimeki sp. n . In: Boletim Museu Biol. Prof. "Mello Leitão" Santa Teresa (= zoology ). tape 37 , 1973, pp. 1–6 ( boletim.sambio.org.br [PDF; 197 kB ]).
Web links
- Glaucis hirsutus inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Rufous-breasted Hermit ( Glaucis hirsutus ) . Retrieved August 10, 2014.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Hairy Hermit (Glaucis hirsuta) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Red-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Glaucis hirsutus ) at Avibase; accessed on August 10, 2014.
- Glaucis hirsutus in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved August 10, 2014.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - Rufous-breasted Hermit ( Glaucis hirsutus )
- Red-tailed shadow hummingbird (Glaucis hirsutus) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved February 5, 2019.