Gloeodontia
| Gloeodontia | ||||||||||||
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Gloeodontia discolor , the type species of the genus |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gloeodontia | ||||||||||||
| Boidin 1966 |
Gloeodontia is a fungal species within the order of Täublingsartigen (Russulales). Traditionally, the genus is in the family of layer fungus relatives (Stereaceae), but since the representatives of the genus form their own lineage within the deaf- likefamily, some mycologists now place them in the new Gloeodontiaceae family. The type species of the genus is Gloeodontia discolor (Berk. & MA Curtis) Boidin . The genus Gloeodontia is morphologically characterized by hydnoide (spiky) hymenophore , the dyeable with Sulfobenzaldehydreagenzien Gloeozystiden that strongly encrusted with hyaline crystals Pseudozystiden and amyloid by their basidiospores .
features
The fruiting bodies are resupinate to effus and firmly attached to the substrate, the edge does not stick out. The hymenophore is hydnoid , i.e. prickly to tooth-like. The only exception here is Gloeodontia subasperispora , which has a smooth hymenophore. The subiculum , as one calls the hyphae layer, which lies directly on the substrate, is usually clearly formed. The teeth are cylindrical to conical and often fringed at the tip.
The hyphae can be monomitic or dimitic . The generative hyphae are highly branched and have buckles , their cell walls are thin-walled or slightly thickened. The thick-walled skeletal hyphae are only slightly branched and un- or only rarely septate. They don't have buckles. The cystids (pseudocystids) arise in the trama of the teeth. They are cylindrical and heavily encrusted with hyaline crystals. Encrusted cystids are only absent in subasperispora gloeodontia . Gloeozystiden come in Zahntrama only sparse, Hymenium but quite common. They turn blue to blue-black with sulfobenzaldehyde. The four-pore basidia are cylindrical to urn-shaped and have a buckle at the base. The spore powder is white. Under the microscope, the clearly amyloid spores appear hyaline to pale yellow. Their cell wall is significantly thickened and the surface is ornamented with fine black to granular ornamentation.
Ecology and diffusion
The representatives of the genus are white rot fungi , which usually grow on dead hardwood, more rarely on coniferous wood. The genus Gloeodontia contains predominantly tropical and subtropical species, which are particularly common in the southeastern USA and in Central and South America. Some species are also found in tropical Africa. Gloeodontia columbiensis and Gloeodontia subasperispora also represent the genus in Europe. Gloeodontia columbiensis was found in France, Italy, southern Switzerland and probably also in Spain, as well as in Turkey and the Caucasus. The species is very rare in all European countries. Gloeodontia subasperispora is probably the only species of the genus that occurs only in Europe. It was found in Sweden, Norway, Germany and Austria. Gloeodontia xerophila, on the other hand, has so far only been found in the Canary Islands (as of 2014).
Systematics
The genus was created in 1966 by Jacques Boidin to Irpex discolor Berk. & MA Curtis . According to Boidin's genus diagnosis, their representatives should be characterized by their odontoid (toothed) to hydnoid (prickly) hymenophore, their dimitic hyphae, the encrusted pseudocystids, the sulfoaldehyde-positive gloeocystids and the fine black, amyloid spores.
In 1976, HH Burdsall and FF Lomard put a monomitic species in the previously monophyletic genus and thus expanded the genus concept. This mushroom was cataloged by Edward Burt under the name "Odontia columbiensis" in the herbarium of the Missouri Botanical Gardens, but was never validly described by him.
Ellen & Karl-Henrik Larsson, who sequenced the 5.8S, ITS2 and LSU rDNA genes of numerous russuloid fungi and examined the relationships with maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods, were able to show that gloeodontia forms a well-defined group within the russuloid lineage . They were also able to show that gloeodontia species with mono- and dimitic hyphae form a monophyletic unit. Since this applies not only to Gloeodontia , but also to other groups within the Russula-like family, they suspected that the occurrence of skeletal hyphae as a taxonomic feature at the genus level was overrated in the past and that a dimitic hyphae system within the Russuloid lineage developed several times independently of one another .
Surprisingly, it turned out that Gloeocystidiellum subasperisporum (Litsch.) Erikss. & Ryv. , A fungus with smooth hymenophore, part of Gloeodontia - clade was. Consequently, they placed the taxon in the genus Gloeodontia and thus changed the concept of the genus for the last time (as of 2014).
species
Eight species are known worldwide. In Europe there are two species with Gloeodontia columbiensis and Gloeodontia subasperispora . Gloeodontia xerophila was found in the Canary Islands (status 2014).
| description | Scientific name |
|---|---|
| Hyphae system monomitic | |
| Hymenophore smooth, spores kidney-shaped 4–5 × 2.5–3.5 µm | Gloeodontia subasperispora ( Litsch. ) E. Larss. & KHLarss. |
| Hymenophore odontioid , teeth up to 1 mm long, spores ellipsoidal, 5.5–7 × 3.5–5 µm | Gloeodontia columbiensis Burt ex Burds. & Lombard |
| Hyphae system dimitic | |
| Spores ellipsoid | |
| Spores 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 µm, hymenophore with up to 2.5 mm long spines and with skeletocystidia | Gloeodontia discolor ( Berk. & MACurtis ) Boidin |
| Spores 6–7.5 × 4–4.5 µm hymenophore with up to 0.5 mm long spines, no skeletocystidia | Gloeodontia americana Rajchenb. 1987 |
| Spores almost spherical | |
| Hymenophore with spines up to 3–5 mm long, spores 5–6.5 × 4–5 µm | Gloeodontia pyramidata (Berk. & MACurtis) Hjortstam |
| Hymenophore with spines up to 2 mm long, spores 4–5 × 3–4 µm | Gloeodontia xerophila Tellería , M.Dueñas , Rodr.-Armas , Beltrán-Tej. & Melo |
swell
- Gloeodontia. Boidin, Cahiers de La Maboke 4 (1): 22 (1966). In: CABI databases: speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved February 20, 2013 .
- Gloeodontia. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Bernicchia; SP Gorjón (ed.): Fungi Europaei - Corticiaceae sl . tape 12 , 2010, p. 302 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ HH Burdsall & FF Lomard: The genus Gloeodontia in North America . In: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden . tape 28 , no. 1 , 1976, p. 29 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ A. Bernicchia & SP Gorjón: Corticiaceae sl . Gloeodontia columbiensis . In: Fungi Europaei . tape 12 , 2010, p. 302 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Gloeodontia subasperispora. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014 ; accessed on August 24, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b M. Teresa Telleria, Margarita Dueñas, Esperanza Beltrán-Tejera, J. Laura Rodríguez-Armas, Ireneia Melo: Gloeodontia xerophila (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota), a new species with corticioid basidioma from the Canary Islands . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 100 , no. 4 . Lawrence 2008, p. 673-676 , doi : 10.3852 / 07-200R1 ( /www.mycologia.org [PDF]).
- ^ Jacques Boidin: Basidiomycètes Auriscalpiaceae de la République Centrafricaine. In: Cahiers de La Maboké . tape 4 , no. 1 , 1966, p. 22 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ HH Burdsall & FF Lomard: The genus Gloeodontia in North America. In: Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. tape 28 , no. 1 , 1976, p. 17 ( mycobank.org ).
- ↑ Ellen Larsson and Karl-Henrik Larsson: Phylogenetic relationships of russuloid basidiomycetes with emphasis on aphyllophoralean taxa . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . tape 95 , no. 6 , 2003, p. 1037-1065 .
