Highland marvines

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Highland marvines
Colima carrots (Ilyodon furcidens)

Colima carrots ( Ilyodon furcidens )

Systematics
Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae)
Ovalentaria
Superordinate : Earfish relatives (Atherinomorphae)
Order : Toothpies (Cyprinodontiformes)
Subordination : Cyprinodontoidei
Family : Highland marvines
Scientific name
Goodeidae
Jordan , 1923

The highland or interim fish (Goodeidae) are a family of small freshwater fish from the order of the tooth fish (Cyprinodontiformes). The family named in honor of the American ichthyologist George Brown Goode includes about 55 species.

Overview

Highland carp only live in Mexico , especially in the cool highlands, and in Nevada . They occur in muddy pools, as well as in clear, fast-flowing rivers. Most of the residential waters are stony, with little vegetation, almost dry up in the dry season and turn into raging rivers in the rainy season. The differences between the sexes are not very pronounced among the highland pups.

Internal system

There are two subfamilies and 55 types:

Subfamily Empetrichthyinae

Empetrichthys merriami

The subfamily Empetrichthyinae was previously assigned to the large, polyphyletic family Cyprinodontidae . The species of Empetrichthyinae lack ventral fins and pelvic girdles . The epibranchial is Y-shaped. The dorsal fin has a rudimentary spine and eleven soft rays, the pectoral fins 16 to 17 fin rays . A mating organ formed from the anal fin is missing, the anal fin is normal. The fertilization is external, the fish are oviparous . The number of vertebrae is 28 or 31, the number of scales along the sideline is 26 to 30. They become five to six inches long. The Empetrichthyinae occur exclusively in southern Nevada . There are two genera, four species, and numerous subspecies.

Subfamily Goodeinae

Banded parrot , male.

The species of the subfamily Goodeinae can be elongated or high-backed. The maximum length is 20 centimeters. Ventral fins and pelvic girdle are present. The dorsal fin has a rudimentary spine and 14 to 15 soft rays, the pectoral fins 15 to 16 fin rays. The number of vertebrae is 37, the number of scales along the side line is 30 to 35. Some species are predominantly carnivores: they prey on small insects or mosquito larvae on the surface of the water . Other species feed mainly on algae or the leaf tips of aquatic plants. There are also plankton eaters . The Goodeinae occur in central Mexico, especially in the catchment area of ​​the Río Lerma .

Reproduction

The subfamily Goodeinae is viviparous , like the live-bearing toothcarps (Poeciliinae). For internal fertilization, the six to eight front, short and very close together fin rays of the anal fin are separated from the rest of the anal fin by an indentation and transformed into a mating organ called andropodium . The andropodium cannot be folded forward like the gonopodium of the viviparous toothcarps. The ovaries have partially grown together to form a single, central organ in which the development of the young takes place. In contrast to the viviparous toothcarps, a new mating is necessary for each litter. The sperm are not stored. However, since the small eggs are poor in yolk , nutrition by the maternal organism is necessary. In addition, the embryos have so-called trophotaenia (a kind of umbilical cord), ribbon-like extensions of the anal area, which are connected to folds in the ovarian wall and through which they are nourished and gas exchange takes place. The fry are born without an egg shell, so it is a real viviparity. The trophotaenia are still visible in newborn fry.

Genera and species

The internal system of the highland pennies:

  Goodeidae  
  Empetrichthyinae  

 Empetrichthys


   

 Crenichthys



  Goodeinae  





 Allotoca


   

 Hubbsina



   

 Skiffia


   

 Girardinichthys


   

 Neotoca





   

 Ataeniobius



   






 Chapalichthys


   

 Alloophorus



   

 Xenotoca variata



   

 Ameca



   

 Zoogoneticus


   

 Xenoophorus




   

 Xenotoca



   

 Goodea




   


 Ilyodon


   

 Xenotaenia



   

 Allodontichthys





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Aquaristics

The highland carp fish are not particularly popular as aquarium fish because, with a few exceptions, they do not show appealing colors and often need cooler temperatures for their well-being. The more colorful exceptions are e.g. B. Characodon lateralis or Ameca splendens . Many species are endangered in their existence. There are only two species left in the aquarium ( Ameca splendens and Skiffia francesae ), other species are only found in remnants. The conservation breeding of Goodeiden is driven by committed aquarists.

swell

literature

  • Harro Hieronimus: Die Hochlandkärpflinge , Westarp Wissenschaften, Magdeburg 1995, ISBN 3-89432-408-2 .
  • John Lyons, Kyle R. Piller, Juan Miguel Artigas-Azas, Omar Dominguez-Dominguez, Pablo Gesundheit, Michael Köck, Martina Medina-Nava, Norman Mercado-Silva, Arely Ramírez García, Kearstin M. Findley: Distribution and current conservation status of the Mexican Goodeidae (Actinopterygii, Cyprinodontiformes). ZooKeys (2019) 885: 115-158. DOI: 10.3897 / zookeys.885.38152
  • Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
  • Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Nelson (2006), p. 286.
  2. ↑ Sterba (1990), page 578.
  3. ↑ David N. Reznick, Andrew I. Furness, Robert W. Meredith, Mark S. Springer (2017) The origin and biogeographic diversification of fishes in the family Poeciliidae. PLOS ONE 12 (3): e0172546. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0172546
  4. ↑ Ameca splendens on Fishbase.org (English)
  5. ↑ Ameca splendens in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 1996. Posted by: Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P., 1996. Accessed October 12, 2011th
  6. ↑ Skiffia francesae on Fishbase.org (English)
  7. ↑ Skiffia francesae in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 1996. Posted by: Contreras-Balderas, S. & Almada-Villela, P., 1996. Accessed October 12, 2011th

Web links

Commons : Goodeidae  - collection of images, videos and audio files