Ameca-Kärpfling
| Ameca-Kärpfling | ||||||||||||
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Ameca-Kärpfling ( Ameca splendens ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Ameca | ||||||||||||
| Miller & Fitzsimons , 1971 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Ameca splendens | ||||||||||||
| Miller & Fitzsimons, 1971 |
The Ameca-Karpfling ( Ameca splendens ), more commonly known as the Flitterkärpfling or Ameca Highland Karpfling , is a live-bearing freshwater fish in the family of the Highland Karpfling from western Mexico . In nature the existence is extinct.
features
The Flitterkärpfling has the typical shape of a highland karpfling. The stocky body appears cylindrical between the pointed head and the long tail stalk. The transparent dorsal fin starts well behind the middle of the body and ends at the beginning of the caudal peduncle. In females it is triangular and short, in adult males it is extended like a flag and is extensive. The pectoral fins are also transparent. In females, the pelvic fins and the anal and caudal fins are silvery with black spots. Males carry on the anal fin , the andropodium called copulatory organ. Dominant males show a long black vertical stripe in the middle of the caudal fin; their anal and caudal fins are lined with white to bright yellow. The basic color is a grayish olive. Below the sideline , the females are spotted dark gray to black. Male Flitterkärpflinge show a broad, dark longitudinal band from the eye to the base of the caudal fin, which is overlaid by shiny, shiny scales. The ventral side is light or spotted. Depending on the incidence of light, the flanks of the fish shimmer metallic blue, greenish or sunny yellow. Males can reach a total length of eight centimeters. Females are significantly larger and plump with up to twelve centimeters.
Fin formula : D 13–14, A 15–16, P 14–15, V 6–7.
distribution
The type locality is the eponymous Río Ameca in the western Mexican state of Jalisco . The first descriptors also mention occurrences in the neighboring Rio Teuchitlan. Since it was first described, there has been no evidence of tinsel in these two rivers and their inlets.
Until the first years of the 21st century, the only known site was the "Balneario Teuchitlan", north of the town of Teuchitlan, ten kilometers east of the city of Ameca. The concrete spring pot of the main source of the Rio Teuchitlan is around 170 m² in size and between 30 and 150 centimeters deep. The source pot, which can be accessed via concrete steps, is the main swimming pool of this leisure facility, which includes several swimming pools, a giant slide, changing rooms, barbecue area, restaurant and a large children's playground. The slowly flowing Rio Teuchitlan leads the water south over two ponds to the reservoir “Presa La Vega”, a few kilometers away.
Here, too, the stock has now expired. In the Mexican highlands, the habitat of all Goodeids, no other biotopes of the tinsel are known. The IUCN therefore lists Ameca splendens under "extinct in nature". In 1981 and 1983 he was identified as a neozoon in Rogers Spring, Nevada , the current status is unknown.
ecology
The source pot has a slightly rocky subsoil, mostly covered with fine gravel and sand. In contrast, the bottom of the flow-poor drains is covered with mud. The first description of the type locality named a year-round average temperature of the water around 28 ° C and gave 32 ° C for the month of April. Aquarists who visited the spring pot biotope at the end of the 1990s determined an average of 25 ° C and these parameters were measured using unknown methods: pH value 7.0; Carbonate hardness 4 ° dH; Total hardness 3 ° dH. Nitrate and nitrite each 0 mg / l.
A hornwort ( Ceratophyllum sp.) And the thick-stemmed water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassiceps ) were found as dense vegetation of higher aquatic plants . The rocky subsoil and the walls of the spring pot were completely covered with diatoms . Other fish species were Zoogoneticus quitzeoensis , Poeciliopsis infans , Poecilia sphenops and a " tilapia " species from the genus Sarotherodon that was released as food fish .
Flitterkärpflinge mainly feed on phytophagus . In the wild, they grazed fields of diatoms, but also took in insect larvae and small crustaceans .
Reproduction
In addition to body size and color, the shape of the anal fin is the clearest visible feature for differentiating between the sexes. In all representatives of the viviparous subfamily Goodeinae , the first rays of the male anal fin form a shapeless lobule, the andropodium . It is not a copulation organ , but a tool that promotes fertilization success. During mating, the male and female genital orifices are pressed tightly against each other so that the freely moving sperm can be transferred. The following development of the fertilized eggs is unique in the freshwater fish world. The embryos that hatch in the womb remain there in so-called ovarian cavities and are supplied with nutrient fluid via nutrient cords formed from embryonic intestinal cells , the trophotaenia . The trophotaenia are still visible for several hours to a few days on the fry born after 50 to 60 days before they fall off. There is no reserve fertilization. The number of offspring can be up to 30 depending on the size and age of the females.
Systematics
The goodeine Kärpflinge, limited to the Mexican highlands, owe their species-rich existence to the interplay of volcanism and orogenic folds during the Pliocene and Pleistocene , when a diverse water landscape was created. Beginning around nine million years ago (the oldest fossil Goodeide Tapatia occidentalis comes from this time ), further geological development led to the formation of numerous, often isolated niches, in each of which one or a few species of the highland carp developed.
The first record of the Flitterkärpflings was on February 13, 1949 by Arthur A. Alcorn from the Rio Teuchitlan. It was not until 20 years later that Robert Rush Miller and John Michael Fitzsimons collected further specimens in the Rio Ameca and described the tinsel in 1971 in a new, monotypical genus as Ameca splendens .
Importance to humans
Flitterkärpflinge do not belong to the standard range of the aquarium fish trade, but are offered regularly. The first import of live captive offspring from the USA to Germany took place in the 1970s by entlingers. Especially among aquarium enthusiasts who specialize in viviparous fish, mostly organized in the German Society for viviparous toothcarps (DGLZ) , the maintenance of healthy stocks is taken care of. The life expectancy in the aquarium is up to six years compared to many other ornamental fish.
swell
- Contreras-Balderas, S. & P. Almada-Villela, P. (1996): Ameca splendens . In: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Version 2010.1.
- Greven, H. & M. Großherr (1992): Adelphophagy and oophagy in Ameca splendens Smith & Fitzsimons, 1971 . Z. Fischkunde (2): 193-197.
- Grier, HJ, Fitzsimons, JM & JR Linton (1978): Structure and Ultrastructure of the Testis and Sperm Formation in Goodeid Teleosts . J. Morphology 156 (3): 419-438.
- Große-Wichtrup, L., Greven, H. (1981): On the structure and function of the trophotaenia in Goodeiden (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) . Rat. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 74: 230.
- Miller, RR & JM Fitzsimons (1971): Ameca splendens, a new genus and species of Goodeid fish from Western Mexico, with remarks on the classification of the Goodeidae . Copeia (1): 1-13.
- Parenti, LR (1981): A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes . Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168: 335-557.
- Radda, AC (1990): Studies on cyprinodont fish in Mexico, 1. Journeys 1978 a. 1979 . DGLZ-Rundschau (2): 12–21.
- Webba, SA, Gravesa, JA, Macias-Garciab, C. & AE Magurrana (2004): Molecular phylogeny of the livebearing Goodeidae (Cyprinodontiformes) . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3): 527-544.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Miller, RR & JM Fitzsimons (1971): Ameca splendens, a new genus and species of Goodeid fish from Western Mexico, with remarks on the classification of the Goodeidae . Copeia (1): 1-13.
- ↑ a b Guenter Ellenberg, Spenge, Germany: Travel report Uwe Dost . Goodeiden.de. Archived from the original on July 23, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
- ↑ Contreras-Balderas, S. & P. Almada-Villela, P. (1996): Ameca splendens in the endangered Red List species the IUCN ..
- ↑ Nonindigenous Aquatic Species . Nas.er.usgs.gov. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
- ↑ Greven, H. & M. Großherr (1992): Adelphophagy and oophagy in Ameca splendens Smith & Fitzsimons, 1971 . Z. Fischkunde (2): 193-197.
- ↑ Grier, HJ, Fitzsimons, JM & JR Linton (1978): Structure and Ultrastructure of the Testis and Sperm Formation in Goodeid Teleosts . J. Morphology 156 (3): 419-438.
- ↑ Große-Wichtrup, L., Greven, H. (1981): On the structure and function of the trophotaenia in Goodeiden (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes) . Rat. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 74: 230
- ↑ Parenti, LR (1981): A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes . Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 168: 335-557.
