Gothawagen T4-62
| Gothawagen T4-62 BVG TDE 58, TDE 61 |
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|---|---|
 Open-capacity railcar in January 1990 in Berlin-Friedrichshagen
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| Numbering: | 8002–8067 (Tw BVG) 3002–3123 (Bw BVG until 1970) 218 001–066 (Tw BVG from 1970) 268 001–122 (Bw BVG from 1970) |
| Number: | 66 railcars 122 sidecars |
| Manufacturer: | VEB Waggonbau Gotha |
| Year of construction (s): | 1958, 1961-1964 |
| Retirement: | 1996 |
| Axis formula : | Bo'Bo ' (Tw) 2'2' (Bw) |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length: | 14,130 mm (car body) |
| Height: | 3,065 mm |
| Width: | 2,200 mm |
| Trunnion Distance: | 5,500 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 1,950 mm |
| Empty mass: | 18.0 t (Tw) 12.0 t (Bw) |
| Wheel diameter: | 650 mm |
| Seats: | 25 (Tw) 28 (Bw) |
| Floor height: | 835 mm (max.) |
| The technical data refer to the series vehicles | |
The Gothawagen of railcars type T4-62 and associated sidecar of the type B4-61 it was large-capacity vehicles , the early 1960s, when VEB Waggon Gotha for tram operations in Berlin , Dresden and Magdeburg were produced. The first prototype was delivered to Berlin in 1958 and later adapted to the series vehicles. By 1970 the Dresden and Magdeburg wagons also came to Berlin, where they were in regular use until 1996. The whereabouts of eight vehicles are known, one motor car and one sidecar are in Magdeburg (scrapped in 2016) and Dresden (operational for special trips) and two motor cars and one sidecar in Berlin, including the prototype motor car from 1958. One The railcar stands in the entrance area of the Railway and Technology Museum in Prora on Rügen.
history
As early as 1952, the East Berlin public transport company tested a four-axle large-capacity train consisting of multiple units and trailer cars. The in LOWA -Werk Werdau built train type TDE 52 could, due to its width of 2.50 meters only on the section between S-station Grunau and Alt-Schmoeckwitz the 86 line can be used. After the production of tram cars was relocated from Werdau to Gotha, the local state-owned company began building a new large-capacity train, which was delivered to Berlin in 1958. The train, consisting of railcar 8002 and sidecar 3002, had the typical Berlin width of 2.20 meters. The first use in passenger service took place from December 7, 1959 to December 31, 1960 on route 86. According to the BVG type code introduced in 1934 , the cars were listed as TDE 58 and BDE 58. When written out, these abbreviations meant one-way bogie motor car or trailer with the year of construction 1958.
The cars were designed as four-axle one-way open-plan cars. They had three doors, of which the middle and rear were designed as double-sided, the front as a simple folding door. There were 26 seats in the railcar and 28 in the sidecar. Each bogie was driven by two longitudinal half-voltage motors. The control took place via a central drive switch with push button actuation. This principle was already used in the Dresden Hechtwagen . The ground plan of the Gotha wagons, with their tapered ends, was also reminiscent of the Hecht wagons. Visually, this train was distinguished by the more inclined windshield and the three instead of the usual two side windows between the doors. The cost of developing and assembling the train came to around 1.5 million DM ; it was sold to BVG on December 18, 1961 for 306,000 DM.
Waggonbau Gotha began in 1961 with the series production of large capacity cars. In the intervening time, Gothaer changed the plans for the type to such an extent that the greatest possible use of components of the same type from existing series could be guaranteed. This was visually evident from the modified front and the now two side windows between the doors. The front entrance door was also designed and widened as a double-sided folding door in the series vehicles. The number of seats in the railcars has been reduced by one compared to the TDE 58. The prototype train was externally adapted after the first wagons were delivered. The window layout was retained.
Due to production bottlenecks, only the construction of sidecars began, which were delivered to Berlin from 1961. The associated railcars followed a year later. This explains the type designation T4-62 for the railcars. By 1964, 32 railcars and 88 sidecars had been delivered to the capital. In addition, the district cities of Magdeburg and Dresden received 14 and 19 trains respectively. In Berlin, the cars were listed as TDE 61 or BDE 61 according to the type scheme.
| until 1970 | from 1970 | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| 8002-8034 3002-3090 |
218 001-033 268 001-089 |
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| 8035-8053 3091-3109 |
218 034-052 268 090-108 |
1731–1749 2001–2019 ex Dresden |
| 8054-8067 3110-3123 |
218 053-066 268 109-122 |
431– 444 561– 574 ex Magdeburg |
As the two district towns only a few years later purchased Tatra T4D open- plan cars from Czechoslovak production, they were not used for the Gotha open- plan cars . Dresden handed over its 19 trains to Berlin in 1968/69, Magdeburg its 14 trains in 1969/70. From 1970 onwards, the Gothaer open-plan cars were only used in Berlin. In the same year, the BVB (VEB Kombinat Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe) introduced an IT series scheme based on the Deutsche Reichsbahn. The 200 number range has been reserved for the tram. The trains were divided accordingly.
The trains from T4-62 and B4-61 were initially used on Köpenick lines, while the surplus sidecars were also used in the inner-city network behind two-axle reco multiple units in one-way design . After taking over the wagons from Dresden and Magdeburg, these trains could be found in almost the entire city area. In 1993 the vehicles were relocated to Oberschöneweide and were only used in Köpenick. The first wagons were taken out of service as early as 1980 after BVB acquired the first articulated multiple units of the Tatra KT4D type from Prague in the mid-1970s . The increased use of the KT4D and from 1988 the use of the shorter, hingeless Tatra T6A2 accelerated this process. The excess sidecars were given priority. On December 31, 1991, only 15 trains were still available at BVG. By 1995 these trains were also removed from operation. The official end of the operation was on June 1st, 1996. At the end of the operation, the B4-61 was used again behind the reco-multiple units due to priority decommissioning of the railcars due to a lack of spare parts. After the wagons were taken out of service, two wagons were sent to Dresden (218 037 & 268 104) and two to Magdeburg (218 063 & 268 114, but both cars were scrapped in 2016). The two trains were originally based in these cities. The railcars 218 001 and 025 as well as the trailer car 268 058 remained in Berlin.
literature
- Berlin Heritage Preservation Association V. (Hrsg.): Historic local transport vehicles in Berlin and Brandenburg . Verlag GVE, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89218-027-X , p. 54 .
- Sigurd Hilkenbach, Wolfgang Kramer: The tram of the Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG-Ost / BVB) 1949–1991 . transpress Verlag, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-613-71063-3 .
- Ivo Köhler: Open-plan tram cars from the GDR: Berlin, Dresden, Leipzig, Magdeburg . VBN Verlag Bernd Neddermeyer, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-941712-46-1 .