Magnitude (acceleration)

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This is a compilation of accelerations of different magnitudes for comparison purposes. The information is often to be understood as “typical values”; the converted values ​​are rounded.

The basic unit of acceleration in the international system of units is 1 m / s², the symbol a .

The following conversions apply:

  • 1 m / s² = (9.80665) −1  g

The information relates to:

  • Acceleration in an Earth-Fixed System. For many technical applications, a reference system connected to the earth's surface is approximately an inertial system, since the apparent forces are negligible.
  • Measured value of an acceleration sensor in the body-fixed system
  • Acceleration of gravity on the surface of celestial bodies

    • .

    Accelerations up to 1 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    0.53 m / s 2 Average acceleration of an ICE 3 up to 200 km / h

    1 m / s 2 to 10 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    1 m / s 2 Recreational cyclists
    1.07 m / s 2 Acceleration when taking off from a Boeing 747-400 at MTOW and a take-off distance of 3250 m
    1.3 m / s 2 Acceleration of modern S-Bahn and U-Bahn
    1.62 m / s 2 Gravitational acceleration on the moon
    2 m / s 2 Bicycle professional
    3.4 to 7.0 m / s 2 Maximum acceleration when starting off with a mid-range car for the speed range 0 to 60 km / h.
    4 m / s 2 An athlete's initial acceleration in a sprint .
    9.81 m / s 2 Acceleration in free fall with no drag near the surface of the earth. This achieves a speed of 100 km / h in 2.83 seconds.
    10 m / s 2 Acceleration of the ball in the shot put in the push-off phase.
    10 m / s 2 Average deceleration when a car brakes fully. This value applies to all well-damped wheeled vehicles with sufficiently effective brakes, if the friction of rubber on concrete or worn asphalt (both dry and clean) is the limiting link in power transmission and the vehicle is too high in terms of angle in relation to the front contact point (45 ° for a = - g) does not set up and tip over like a racing bike. And this value also applies as the limit value for lateral acceleration under the same conditions.

    10 m / s 2 to 100 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    15 m / s 2 Typical maximum value for a child's swing
    16 m / s 2 Maximum value for a space shuttle during re-entry into the earth's atmosphere
    16 m / s 2 Maximum value for a Saturn V at the burnout of the third stage (shot in the orbit to the moon)
    19.6 m / s 2 Thread pendulum with an initial 90 ° deflection
    20 m / s 2 Maximum value for a Saturn V when the second stage burns out
    40 m / s 2 Maximum value for a Saturn V when the first stage burns out
    40 m / s 2 Maximum value for the Silver Star roller coaster
    64 m / s 2 Maximum value for an Apollo capsule during re-entry into the earth's atmosphere after a flight to the moon
    43 to 69 m / s 2 Vehicle load in rear-end collisions between two Volvo 240s with speed differences between 7.5 and 10 km / h
    78 m / s 2 Average maximum values ​​for aerobatic maneuvers (load duration between 1.5 and 3 seconds)

    100 m / s 2 to 10,000 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    1000 m / s 2 Maximum value for g force that can be survived by people without serious injuries with a short period of acceleration (fractions of a second).
    1764 m / s 2 According to the Guinness Book of Records, highest measured acceleration survived by a human ( David Purley , 1977).
    3,000 m / s 2 Approximate centrifugal acceleration of the drum contents of washing machines in the spin cycle .
    10,000 m / s 2 Acceleration on impact of an object that falls from a height of 1 m on hard ground and remains where the ground or object gives way by 1 mm.

    10,000 m / s 2 to 1,000,000 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    60,000 m / s 2 Maximum acceleration of the needle on sewing machines

    10 6 m / s 2 to 10 9 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    1 · 10 7  m / s 2 modern ultracentrifuge
    5.31 · 10 7  m / s 2 Measured maximum acceleration of a sting when ejected from a nettle cell

    10 9 m / s 2 to 10 12 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    2 · 10 11  m / s 2 Gravitational acceleration on the surface of a neutron star

    10 12 m / s 2 to 10 15 m / s 2

    acceleration Description of an example
    2 · 10 13  m / s 2 Electron that is in a vacuum between two plates 5 cm apart, across which a voltage of 5.7  V is applied.

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ The specification relates to the force that acts per mass.
    2. ↑ a b c d e f g Rainer Schach, Peter Jehle, René Naumann: Transrapid and wheel-rail high-speed railway: A comprehensive system comparison. Retrieved February 5, 2013 .
    3. ↑
    4. ^ Heinz Burg, Andreas Moser: Handbook of traffic accident reconstruction . 2nd Edition. tape 10 . Springer DE, 2009, ISBN 3-8348-0546-7 , pp. 424 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
    5. ^ Heinz Burg, Andreas Moser: Handbook of traffic accident reconstruction . 2nd Edition. tape 10 . Springer DE, 2009, ISBN 3-8348-0546-7 , pp. 428 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
    6. ↑ a b The centripetal acceleration can be calculated for an initial deflection angle by .
    7. ↑ shuttle g-force diagram. Retrieved February 5, 2013 .
    8. ↑ nasa: saturn g-force diagram_2. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 20, 2013 ; Retrieved February 5, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / history.nasa.gov
    9. ↑ a b nasa: saturn g-force diagram_1. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 2, 2013 ; Retrieved February 5, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / history.nasa.gov
    10. ↑ amusement park information. Retrieved March 13, 2013 .
    11. ↑ apollo g-force diagram. Retrieved February 5, 2013 .
    12. ↑ Szabo TJ, Welcher JB: Human subject kinematics and electromyographic activity during low speed rear impacts . In: SAE Paper # 952724 . 1995. Quoted from Jeffrey R. Davis, Robert Johnson, Jan Stepanek: Frontiers in whiplash trauma. Clinical and biomechanical . Ed .: Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A. Pintar (=  Biomedical and health research . Volume 38 ). IOS Press, Amsterdam / Washington, DC 2000, ISBN 1-58603-012-4 , pp. 20 ( googlebooks ).
    13. ↑ Jeffrey R. Davis, Robert Johnson, Jan Stepanek: Fundamentals of Aerospace Medicine . Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, ISBN 978-0-7817-7466-6 , pp. 656 ( googlebooks ).
    14. ↑ Dennis F. Shanahan, MD, MPH: Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability. (PDF), citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87-90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data . English Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries
    15. ↑ Craig Glenday: Guinness World Records 2008 . Random House Digital, Inc., 2008, ISBN 0-553-58995-4 , pp. 133 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
    16. ↑ The value can be calculated using the acceleration due to gravity · height / deceleration distance.
    17. ^ Nüchter Timm, Benoit Martin, Engel Ulrike, Özbek Suat, Holstein Thomas W .: Nanosecond-scale kinetics of nematocyst discharge . In: Current Biology . 16, No. 9, 2006, pp. R316-R318. doi : 10.1016 / j.cub.2006.03.089 . Retrieved October 25, 2012.
    18. ↑ Neutron star masses and radii. (PDF; 856 kB) Accessed February 5, 2013 .
    19. ↑ the information uses the reference system of the neutron star as a reference
    20. ↑ The acceleration can be in the inertial mass with charge , voltage and distance by calculating.