Green shadow hummingbird

Green shadow hummingbird
	Green shadow hummingbird
Systematics
Class :	Birds (aves)
Order :	Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family :	Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily :	Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre :	Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type :	Green shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
	Phaethornis guy
	( Lesson, RP , 1833)

The green shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis guy ) or gray breasted hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area of this species includes the countries Colombia , Venezuela , Ecuador , Peru , Panama and Costa Rica . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The green shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 13.5 cm with a body weight of only approx. 6.3 g. The long curved bill is predominantly reddish only the lower bill has a small black tip. The top of the male is dark green with a bluish green rump. The underside is sooty green with the central lower area being greyish. The face mask is dark. The back eye, cheek and central throat line stand out with their light yellow-brown color. The central pair of control springs are longer and speckled with white. The females are very similar, but appear more dull and are more sooty gray in the lower area. The beak and the central control feathers are on average a little longer than in the male.

behavior

They are known as perky and curious hummingbirds. As a trapliner, they regularly fly to specific flowers in quick succession in the lower strata , which can also be far apart. In doing so, they are not afraid to examine people, especially in red clothing, or new sources of nectar that happen to cross their path. They pause a few seconds in front of flowers with a high nectar yield, such as heliconias , ginger plants , passion flowers and other buttercups , which they finally pierce with a wagging tail. In contrast to the western long-tailed shadow hummingbird , which shows a very similar behavior, they also fly to blooming epiphytes in the treetops. The feeding stations can be up to a kilometer apart. In addition to nectar, they feed on spiders and insects. They sing in their courtship areas .

Subspecies

Distribution area (green) of the green shadow hummingbird

There are four known subspecies:

Phaethornis guy apicalis ( Tschudi , 1844) - This subspecies is distributed in the north of Colombia, the northwest of Venezuela via Ecuador to the southeast of Peru.
Phaethornis guy coruscus Bangs , 1902 - This subspecies is distributed from Costa Rica to Panama to northwest Colombia.
Phaethornis guy emiliae ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1846) - This subspecies occurs in western central Colombia.
Phaethornis guy guy ( Lesson, RP , 1833) - The nominate form occurs in northeastern Venezuela and on Trinidad .

Etymology and history of research

Green shadow hummingbird illustrated by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre

René Primevère Lesson described the green shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus Guy . The type specimen had received a Mr. Guy from London. With the description came a tablet supplied by Jean-Gabriel Prêtre (1768–1849). In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)), which was later assigned to the green shadow hummingbird. This name is derived from the Greek words »phaethōn Φαέθων « for »the shining one, the shining one« and »órnis όρνις « for »bird«. To whom the species name is dedicated is not clear from the first description. In his descriptions, Lesson repeatedly mentioned that Guy was a French amateur orithologist. So it could be Claude Joseph Guy aîné (the elder), who himself appears on the cover of his book Anatomie en cire, anatomie humaine et comparée, phrénologie; histoire naturelle from 1852 as a natural scientist and manufacturer of artificial anatomical exhibits. In 1850, Adolphe Jean Focillon (1823-1890) described a pangolin under the name Manis guy that Guy wanted to have received from Africa. Later it turned out to be a synonym for the Malay pangolin , which probably came to Europe via Africa. Emiliae is Marie Antoinette Émilie Galichon born. Dedicated to Tuffet (1802–1873). Coruscus is the Latin word for shiny, shining , also derived from coruscare for blinking . Apicalis is Latin and means from the summit of apex, apicis for crown, tip .

literature

Steven Leon Hilty, John A. Gwynne, Guy Tudor : Birds of Venezuela . Princeton University Press, Princeton 2002, ISBN 0-691-09250-8 ( books.google.de ).
James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
René Primevère Lesson : Les trochilidées, ou Les colibris et les oiseaux-mouches, suivis d'un index général, dans lequel sont décrites et classées méthodiquement toutes les races et espèces du genre trochilus. Ouvrage orné de planches dessinées et gravées par les meilleurs artistes 66 plates (Prêtre, Antoine Germaine Bévalet) . Arthus-Bertrand, Paris 1832 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of the vingt espèces nouvelles d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales des sciences physiques et naturelles, d'agriculture et d'industrie . tape 9 , 1846, pp. 312-332 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Outram Bangs: On a second collection of birds made in Chrique, By WW Brown Jr. In: Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club . tape 3 , 1902, pp. 15-70 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Johann Jakob von Tschudi: Avium conspectus quae in Republica Peruana reperiuntur et pleraeque observatae vel collectae sunt in itinere . In: Archives for Natural History . tape 10 , no. 1 , 1844, pp. 262-317 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Guy Aîné: Preparation Anatomiques . In: L'Écho du monde savant et l'Hermès: journal analytique des nouvelles et des cours scientifiques (= 2 ). tape 5 , no. 1 , 1843, p. 22-23 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Adolphe Jean Focillon: You genre Pangolin (Manis. Linn.) Et de deux nouvelles espèces de ce genre . In: Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée (= 2 ). tape 2 , 1850, p. 513-534 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Green shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis guy ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Phaethornis guy inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Green Hermit ( Phaethornis guy ) . Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Videos, photos and sound recordings for Green Hermit (Phaethornis guy) in the Internet Bird Collection
Green shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis guy ) at Avibase; accessed on December 23, 2016.
Phaethornis guy in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
xeno-canto: sound recordings - Green Hermit ( Phaethornis guy )

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (2002), p. 392.
^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
↑ Johann Jakob von Tschudi, p. 296.
^ Outram Bangs, p. 26.
↑ ^a ^b Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 317.
↑ ^a ^b René Primevère Lesson, p. 119, plate 44.
^ William Swainson, p. 441.
↑ James A. Jobling, p. 301.
↑ René Primevère Lesson, p. 120.
^ Adolphe Jean Focillon, p. 513.
↑ James A. Jobling, p. 119.
↑ James A. Jobling, p. 51.

[hilty392-1] Steven Leon Hilty u. a. (2002), p. 392.

[2] IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds

[tschudi296-3] Johann Jakob von Tschudi, p. 296.

[bangs62-4] Outram Bangs, p. 26.

[bourcier317-5] Jules Bourcier u. a., p. 317.

[lesson119-6] René Primevère Lesson, p. 119, plate 44.

[swainson441-7] William Swainson, p. 441.

[jobling301-8] James A. Jobling, p. 301.

[lesson120-9] René Primevère Lesson, p. 120.

[focillon513-10] Adolphe Jean Focillon, p. 513.

[jobling119-11] James A. Jobling, p. 119.

[jobling51-12] James A. Jobling, p. 51.