Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird

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Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird
Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird

Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird

Systematics
Class : Birds (aves)
Order : Sailor birds (Apodiformes)
Family : Hummingbirds (Trochilidae)
Subfamily : Hermits (Phaethornithinae)
Genre : Shadow hummingbirds ( Phaethornis )
Type : Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird
Scientific name
Phaethornis longirostris
( Delattre , 1843)
A western long-tailed shadow hummingbird suckling nectar

The western long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis longirostris ) is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species has a large range that covers about 540,000 square kilometers in the Central American countries Mexico , Belize , Guatemala , Honduras , Panama and Nicaragua as well as the South American countries Colombia , Ecuador and Peru . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The western long-tailed shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of about 16 to 17 centimeters. The 40 millimeter long curved beak is black on top, while the lower part is yellow. The upper part is predominantly brown, with the back tinted bronze-green. A dark spot surrounds the eye, which is streaked with white under the eye. The cheeks are dark. The color of the lower part is a faded yellow-brown. White stripes adorn the neck. The gradual tail is black with white flecks, with the elongated tail feather being whitish.

Habitat

Distribution of the western long-tailed shadow hummingbird

The hummingbird prefers moist, musty forest soils, deciduous evergreens , forest edges and secondary forest . You can find him at altitudes of up to 1800 meters.

behavior

The bird only moves in a small territory. While it chirps at heights between one and five meters, it wags its tail. Certain favorite forage plants are regularly flown to.

Subspecies

So far, four subspecies are recognized.

  • Phaethornis longirostris longirostris ( Delattre , 1843)
  • Phaethornis longirostris cephalus ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1848)
  • Phaethornis longirostris sussurus Bangs , 1901
  • Phaethornis longirostris baroni Hartert , 1897

The former subspecies Phaethornis longirostris cassinii Lawrence , 1866 and Phaethornis longirostris veraecrucis Ridgway , 1910 are now considered synonyms.

The subspecies longirostris occurs in southern Mexico from northern Oaxaca to northern Honduras. The subspecies cephalus is found from eastern Honduras to northwestern Colombia. The subspecies sussurus is at home in northern Colombia in the mountains of Santa Marta . The subspecies baroni can be found in western Ecuador to northwestern Peru.

Phaethornis longirostris was previously listed as a subspecies of the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ) ( Linnaeus , 1766). Today it counts as a separate species .

Furthermore, the Mexican shadow hummingbird Phaethornis mexicanus mexicanus Hartert , 1897 and the subspecies Phaethornis mexicanus griseoventer Phillips , 1962 were split off from Phaethornis longirostris .

The griseoventer species lives in western Mexico from Nayarit to Colima . After all, the species mexicanus is native to southwest Mexico from the western part of Guerrero to southeast Oaxaca .

Etymology and history of research

Adolphe Delattre described the western long-tailed shadow hummingbird under the name Ornismya longirostris . Delattre did not name a specific location. Only later was the species assigned to the genus Phaethornis . “Phaethornis” is derived from the Greek words “phaethōn Φαέθων ” for “the shining one, the shining one” and “órnis, όρνις ” for “bird”. The specific epithet "longirostris" is a combination of the Latin words "longus" for "long" and "rostrum" for "beak". »Cephalus« is derived from the Greek word »kephalē κεφαλή « for »head«. The word "sussurus" has its origin in the Latin verb "susurrare" for "whisper, hum". Finally, "baroni" is  dedicated to Oscar Theodor Baron (1847–1926), who shot the type specimen in Naranjal near the Río Pescado .

literature

  • Thomas Schulenberg , Douglas F. Stotz , Daniel F. Lane: Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-691-04915-1 , p. 238.
  • Steve NG Howell, Sophie W. Webb: A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America . Oxford University Press, New York 1995, ISBN 978-0-19-854012-0 .
  • Steven L. Hilty , William L. Brown: A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, 1986, ISBN 978-0-691-08372-8 , p. 253.
  • Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 5: Barn Owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, 1999, ISBN 978-84-87334-25-2 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Adolphe Delattre: Oiseaux-Mouches nouveaux au peu connus, découverts au Gualimala . In: L'Echo Du Monde Savant (=  2 ). tape 7 , no. 45 , 1843, pp. 1068-1070 .
  • Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of the quelques nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Revue zoologique par la Société cuviérienne . tape 11 , 1848, p. 269–275 ( online [accessed April 26, 2014]).
  • Outram Bangs: A new Phaëthornis from the Santa Marta region of Colombia . In: Proceedings of the New England Zoological Club . tape 2 , 1901, p. 63-65 ( online [accessed April 26, 2014]).
  • Ernst Hartert: Various Notes on Humming Birds . In: The Ibis (=  7 ). tape 3 , 1887, p. 423-435 ( online [accessed April 26, 2014]).
  • George Newbold Lawrence: Characters of seven New Species of Birds from Central and South America with a Note on Thaumatias chionurus, Gould . In: Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York . tape 8 , 1866, pp. 344-350 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).

Web links

Commons : Western long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis longirostris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ IOC World Bird List Hummingbirds
  2. ↑ a b c Adolphe Delattre, p. 1070
  3. ↑ Jules Bourcier et al. a., p. 269
  4. ^ Outram Bangs, p. 64
  5. ↑ a b Ernst Hartert, p. 426
  6. ^ Proposal (136) to South American Classification Committee Elevate Phaethornis longirostris baroni to species rank
  7. ↑ George Newbold Lawrence, p. 347
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 301
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 230
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 96
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 375