Gradual novelty

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Introitus Puer natus est in the Graduale Novum

The Graduale Novum is a modern new edition for the Gregorian chants of the Roman Catholic liturgy of Holy Mass , which is valid today , based on the Missale Romanum 2002/2008. The book is an Editio iuxta typicam , an official edition, which follows the Editio typica "Ordo Cantus Missae" , the official set of liturgical chants for the Roman Catholic Mass, created for the mass chants in Latin in 1972 . Moreover containing Graduale Novum first time the necessary additions to Gregorian chants, according to the Roman Missal of 2002/2008, both in the Ordo Missae as well as the newly introduced since 1972 measurement forms in the church year for example, the Holy Year and the various other Masses (. Celebration of the sacraments and sacramentals , votive masses ). This new edition of a traditional Graduale Romanum was published in 2011 (Volume 1) and 2018 (Volume 2). Above the square notation of the chants are the neumes from the Laon manuscript, below the neumes from the St. Gallen manuscript family, as in Graduel neumé (1966) and in Graduale Triplex (1979). The Graduale Novum is in the tradition of post-conciliar books of Gregorian chant, most of which are no longer official editions (editio typica) , but official prints (iuxta typicam) , the content of which follows the official specifications, because the responsible Roman authorities (church service congregation ) themselves normally no longer present any practical editions. Books such as the Graduale Romanum 1974 or the Graduale Triplex as well as other publications of this kind are also private prints iuxta typicam . This can also be read from the exact title of the books. It should be emphasized that today the official texts for the mass chants are prescribed, but no longer (as before the 2nd Vatican Council) also the melody versions. This is finally expressly stated in the preface to the Ordo Cantus Officii. Edition typica altera 2015.

The Graduale Novum was developed by a working group of the International Society for the Study of Gregorian Chant (AISCGre), founded in 1975 , and published by the following people: Christian Dostal , Johannes Berchmans Göschl , Cornelius Pouderoijen , Franz Karl Praßl , Heinrich Rumphorst , Stephan Zippe .

Emergence

The Second Vatican Council , in the Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium , No. 117, passed on December 4, 1963 , called for a critical edition of the books of Gregorian chant. The Gradual Novum. Editio magis critica iuxta SC 117 fulfills this requirement of the council.

The processing of the Gregorian chant and the first volume of the chorale book was carried out in the period from 1977 to 2011 by members of the AISCGre. The Graduale Romanum of 1908 was used as the basis for work. The oldest known manuscripts in which the melodies are represented by adiastematic (without continuous pitch relationships) or diastematic neumes were used for restitution . These manuscripts were also used for the creation of the Editio Vaticana (1908); these are codes from Laon , Einsiedeln and Sankt Gallen . In the research, the progress of the liturgical-musical studies on Gregorian chant was explicitly taken into account. Individual results were published by the German-speaking section of the Society as suggestions for the restitution of melodies from the Graduale Romanum in the periodical Contributions to Gregorian Chant .

The first volume De dominicis et festis (Sundays and Holidays) was published in 2011. He became Pope Benedict XVI. presented in a private audience. The second volume De feriis et sanctis (Weekdays and Holy Feasts ) was published in 2018. The commentary by Johannes Berchmans Göschl , which was also published in 2018, describes the history of the edition and sets out the editorial principles , in particular those of the restitution of the melody .

content

Volume 1 De dominicis et festis

The content of the first volume is divided into the following parts (after the preface in Latin, German, Italian, English, French and Spanish):

Volume 2 De feriis et sanctis

Volume 2 is structured like Volume 1 and initially contains all the chants according to the Ordo Cantus Missae 1972, which are missing in Volume 1, including the appendices of the traditional Graduale Romanum. In addition, there are all the additions to the Ordo Missae that became necessary with the third official edition of the Roman Missal 2002/2008. These include B. also a melody for the Credo Apostolicum or the new dismissal calls. Suggestions for the selection of the proprium chants are made for the measurement forms that have been newly introduced since 1972 (especially the festivals of saints). With the Graduale Novum it has thus become possible to sing Mass celebrations with Gregorian chants in full accordance with the Missal 2002/2008. A comprehensive overall index opens up the two volumes with all the necessary additional biblical, historical and liturgical information; a short index makes searching easier.

Differences to the Graduale Romanum or Graduale Triplex

There are a number of objective differences between the edition of the Graduale Novum and the editions of the Graduale Romanum or the subsequently published Graduale Triplex to which, like the Graduale Novum, the oldest adiastematic neumen manuscripts were added:

Melody and notation

  • The Graduale Novum dispenses with the asteriscus , which marks the passage in the text where the choral schola is supposed to begin after the cantor has intoned.
  • In the Graduale Novum, transpositions are avoided in favor of the usual finalis, on the one hand, but also introduced, which makes the use of accidentals (f sharp and es) necessary, which do not appear in the Graduale Romanum. There are also deviating church modes .
  • The Graduale Novum uses accidentals (for the tones E-flat, F sharp and C sharp), so that non- diatonic melodies arise even with non- transposed pieces .
  • There are numerous (mostly minor) differences in the indication of the diastematic melodies in square notation. In some places the melodic courses given in the Graduale Romanum as two consecutive minor thirds such as fa-resi (durum) or si (molle) -sol-mi, which result in a broken diminished triad , are given in a different form in the Graduale Novum. In some places in the Graduale Novum the accidentals are placed in square brackets (example: [ ♭ ]) if the pitch preferred in the Middle Ages could not be clearly reconstructed from the available manuscripts. In this case, the pitch to be sung should be decided by the singers.

text

  • There are occasional deviations in the texts, some of which have also been added in the Graduale Triplex.
  • The Graduale Novum uses the letter “J”, for example in the word “Jerusalem”, which does not appear in the more recent editions of the Graduale Romanum (including the Graduale Triplex) or in medieval manuscripts.
  • The Graduale Novum lacks the little doxologies “Gloria Patri”, which are sung after the verse in all antiphons in all church modes.

sentence

  • In the Graduale Novum only black printing ink is used, whereas in the Graduale Triplex the adiastematic neumes under the system of lines are printed in reddish.
  • The font size is a little smaller in Graduale Novum.
  • The line spacing in the Graduale Novum is larger (maximum six lines per page) than in the Graduale Romanum (maximum nine lines per page).

literature

expenditure

  • Graduale Novum - Editio magis critica iuxta SC 117
    seu Graduale Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Pauli PP. VI cura regcognitum, ad exemplar ordinis cantus Missae dispositum, luce codicum antiquiorum restitutum nutu Sancti Oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II, neumis Laudunensibus et Sangallensibus ornatum

Secondary literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See the preface by Notker Wolf in the first volume of the Graduale Novum .
  2. ^ List of articles on contributions to Gregorian chant
  3. ↑ Regensburg residents fulfill the order of Pope Pius X. - After decades of research, the first volume of the “Graduale Novum” is now available and attracts worldwide attention , Mittelbayerische Zeitung of February 2, 2011
  4. ↑ Review by Bernhard Pfeiffer in: Erbe und Einsatz , Vol. 95 (2019), pp. 115–116.
  5. ↑ offertorium "In the solemnitatis", infra Octavam Pascae, Feria VI
  6. ^ Offertory "Confirma hoc, Deus", Dominica Pentecostes, Communio "Simon Ioannis" and Communio "Cantate Domino" .
  7. ^ Gradual "Tecum principium", in nativitate Domini, ad missam in nocte and Graduale "Angelis suis", Dominica prima quadragesimae .
  8. ^ Introit "Gaudete", Dominica tertia adventis .