Pale gray milkling
| Pale gray milkling | ||||||||||||
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Lactarius albocarneus (syn L. fascinans) drawing G. Bresadola |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius albocarneus | ||||||||||||
| Britzelm. |
The gray pale Milchling ( Lactarius albocarneus ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is a fairly small to medium-sized milkling with a pale flesh-colored and very slimy, unzoned hat and a sticky stem. This is why it is also called slimy pale milkling or sticky milkling . The gray pale Milchling usually grows gregariously in fresh to wet mountain conifer forests with firs, less often with spruces. The fruiting bodies of the hot-tasting and inedible Milchling appear from July to October in the hills and mountains.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is 3–7 cm wide and arched flat at the beginning, but soon the middle of the hat is deepened and the hat edge is bent at the beginning with an irregular wavy shape. The surface is usually covered by a thick layer of mucus and is pale flesh-colored, isabel-colored or pale gray to gray-purple in color. It is more or less uniformly colored and neither zoned nor spotted. When pressed, the hat turns blackish gray, while when dry it appears silvery frosted or has a silky sheen.
The lamellas, which are often mixed in, have grown broadly on the stem or run down briefly. They are initially whitish cream-colored and later light-colored. They milk when injured and then become yellowish rusty spots. The spore powder is yellowish.
The whitish stem is 3–7 cm long and up to 1–1.5 cm wide, initially stuffed and only hollow when old and then often spotted with ocher foxes. When moist, the smooth to somewhat longitudinally veined surface is slimy, when dry it is shiny.
The pliable, whitish flesh slowly turns yellow when injured. It smells pleasantly fruity and tastes hot and bitter. The thin, whitish and pale, sulfur-yellow, drying milk also tastes burning hot.
Microscopic features
The round to broadly elliptical spores are on average 8.3–8.9 µm long and 6.8–7.5 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.7 (1) µm high and consists of warts and ribs, some of which are arranged in the manner of zebra stripes and are often connected to one another, but only form closed meshes occasionally, while isolated, often burr-elongated warts are quite common. The Hilarfleck is in the outer region amyloid .
The cylindrical, club-shaped, bulbous basidia measure 37–55 × 8–12 µm and usually have 4 sterigms . The lanceolate pleuromacrocystids are quite numerous and measure 65–100 × 8–10 µm, they protrude far and are sometimes pale yellow in color. The lamellar edges are heterogeneous. In addition to the basidia, there are numerous, narrow spindle-shaped to awl-shaped cheilomacrocystids , the tip of which is sometimes shaped like a string of pearls. They are 30–70 µm long and 6.5–10 µm wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 200-300 µm thick ixotrichoderm , made up of irregularly intertwined, mostly ascending, translucent hyphae that are 2-3 µm wide.
Species delimitation
The gray pale Milchling is characterized by its noticeably slimy, light-colored hat and stem and the slightly and slowly yellowing milk. In addition, the Milchling usually grows in fir trees. Lighter fruiting bodies of the Nordic milkling ( L. trivialis ), which also have a slimy hat, can look quite similar. However, the Nordic Milchling is usually much larger and associated with spruce or birch. In addition, its spores have an ornament that consists mainly of individual, isolated warts. In the beech forest you can find the gray-green milkling ( L. blennius ), which also has a slimy, but mostly darker-colored, gray-green hat. Its milk dries up gray-green. The fallow milkling ( L. pallidus ) , which also occurs in the beech forest, is even more similar, with an often slimy, pale cream-colored hat. In addition to its location, this milkling is distinguished by its never-neatly ornamented spores.
ecology
The gray pale Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that is mainly associated with conifers. He particularly likes to enter into a symbiotic partnership with silver fir, but spruce can also serve as host.
The Milchling can therefore be found in beech-fir, fir, spruce-fir and spruce forests on moist to waterlogged and mostly lame soils that are more or less base-rich but poor in nutrients, but are often heavily acidified on the surface and covered with moss. Sometimes it can also be found in corresponding places in beech and shadowy slope forests as well as in spruce forests.
The fruiting bodies appear mostly gregarious between July and October. The Milchling usually grows in higher hills or mountains.
distribution
The Milchling is a predominantly European species that occurs widely in western (France), central Europe, Switzerland, southern Germany, Austria and South Tyrol. You can find it northwards to Denmark.
In Germany it is limited to Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria with the exception of a few stray finds. It is largely absent in northern Germany. The strongly declining species is endangered (RL2). The Milchling is not common in Switzerland either, even if it is not endangered.
Systematics
The Milchling was first described by Max Britzelmayr in 1895 . Lactarius glutinopallens F.H. Möller & JE Lange (1940) and L. fascinans in the sense of G. Bresolda are taxonomic synonyms.
The species attribute epithet albocarneus is derived from the Latin adjectives albus (white) and carneus (fleshly) and refers to the hat, according to Britzelmayr, “pale whitish or gray flesh-colored (en)”.
Inquiry systematics
M. Basso and Heilmann-Clausen place the pale gray Milchling in the Pallidini subsection , which in turn is in the Glutinosi section. The representatives of the subsection have unzoned, pale, whitish or pink-cream-colored to ocher-hazel-brown hats, which are flatly arched to flatly depressed. The milk is more or less unchangeable or dries up gray-cream, green-cream or just creamy-yellow. The spores are ornamented like zebra stripes or reticulated, while the hat skin is an ixotrichoderm.
meaning
The hot-tasting Milchling is not an edible mushroom.
literature
- Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 84 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Max Britzelmayr: Materials for the description of the Hymenomycetes . In: Botanisches Centralblatt . tape LXII , no. 23 . Verlag von Gebrüder Gotthelft, Cassel 1895, p. 309 ( bibdigital.rjb.csic.es ).
- ↑ a b c d Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (Ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 44.
- ↑ a b c German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 385.
- ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 190 .
- ↑ a b Jacob Heilmann-Clausen and others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. tape 2 , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 78-79 (English).
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius albocarneus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Lactarius albocarneus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 12, 2011 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-73 (English).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mešic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V. Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae . In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed January 9, 2012]). cybertruffle.org.uk ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 ( PDF, 1.6MB ( Memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [accessed July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Lactarius albocarneus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English).
- ^ A b Maria Teresa Basso: Lactarius Persoon. Fungi Europa egg . tape 7 , 1999, ISBN 88-87740-00-3 , pp. 48-63, 158-65 (Italian).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: albus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 3108 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: carneus . Detailed concise Latin-German dictionary. tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 3108 ( zeno.org ).
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe . Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society ,. tape 2 , 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 23-28 (English).
Web links
- Synonyms of Lactarius albocarneus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- Lactarius albocarneus. In: pilzseite.de. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (photos from Graublassen Milchling).
- Lactarius albocarneus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on March 2, 2012 (Italian, photos from the gray pale Milchling).