Falber Milchling
| Falber Milchling | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The dun milkling ( Lactarius pallidus ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Lactarius pallidus | ||||||||||||
| Pers. |
The Falbe Milchling or Fleischblasse Milchling ( Lactarius pallidus ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is a medium-sized milkling, with a pale meaty to dirty whitish hat, which, at least when young, has a meat-pink to meat-brown tint. The milk is white and stays that way. The smell is insignificant, the taste is quite mild, but it is sore throat. The Milchling is a typical mycorrhizal fungus of the European beech .
features
Macroscopic features
The relatively large hat is 5–15 cm wide, arched for a long time and then slightly depressed. The edge is initially rolled up and the edge seam often protrudes over the slats. The hat color is very fawn, pale flesh-colored to pale ocher, more or less beige with age. The hat is always unzoned, but spotted darker in places. The hat skin is very slimy in damp weather and shiny in dry weather.
The creamy-white to pale flesh-stalker-colored and quite dense lamellae have grown on the stem or run down briefly. When pressed, they change color from fuchsia to pale ocher or become rusty. The spore powder is pale ocher.
The cylindrical stem is 3–8 cm long and 1–1.5 (2) cm wide. It's quite brittle and stuffed at first, but soon it becomes hollow. The slightly wrinkled stem surface is hat-colored or slightly lighter in color and often has pale brownish spots.
The meat is white to pale yellow and tastes quite mild, but has a slightly scratchy aftertaste. The smell is insignificant. The milk is white and soon dries up, it is unchangeable in the air and at most tends to become a little gray when it dries up.
Microscopic features
The spores are broadly elliptical and on average 7.3–7.7 µm long and 5.8–6.2 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.4 µm. The spore ornament is up to 1 µm high and consists of more or less numerous warts and ribs, often widespread, which are often arranged like zebra stripes and are partially connected to one another, but do not form a closed network. The hillock is inamyloid or partially amyloid. The basidia are cylindrical to club-shaped, 40–50 µm long and 9–11 µm wide and sometimes have only two, but mostly four sterigms .
The spindle-shaped, 45–100 µm long and 6–10 µm wide pleuromacrocystidae are rare or numerous. The lamellar edges are heterogeneous and consist of a few to numerous basids and numerous cheilomacrocystids . These measure 35–80 x 5–9 µm and are spindle-shaped to somewhat cylindrical.
The cap skin ( Pileipellis ) is a 100–200 µm thick ixotrichoderm , which consists of irregularly ascending and more or less bent, gnarled, 2–6 µm wide hyphae ends that are bound in a gelatinized mass.
Species delimitation
The Falbe Milchling has few noticeable features. Its yellow colors are quite typical. A doppelganger in the coniferous forest is the rare Heide Milchling ( Lactarius musteus ). The Heide-Milchling is a pine companion that can be found especially on bog soils. The tip of the handle is belted flesh pink below the lamellae, while the handle of the Fallow Milchling is uniformly colored. In addition, the lamellae are less dense and forked less often than with the Fallow Milchling.
Some Milchlings, which fade a lot with age, can also be confused with the Falben Milchling. One of them is the spicy Nordic milkling ( Lactarius trivialis ). His hat is usually gray-purple and sometimes zoned darker on the edge in youth. It is more common in northern Europe.
Other sometimes similar milklings are the gray pale milkling ( L. albocarneus ), a companion fungus of the fir, and the pink-edged milkling ( L. controversus ) that grows on willows and poplars and has remarkably small spores. The golden liquid milkling ( L. chrysorrheus ), a mycorrhizal fungus of oak, may look similar, but it has a rapidly yellowing milk.
ecology
The Falbe Milchling is a mycorrhizal fungus that has a symbiotic relationship with us almost exclusively with beech. In rare cases, oak or other deciduous trees can also serve as hosts.
The Milchling occurs primarily in mesophilic beech forests such as orchid-beech forests , hairy barley-beech forests or woodruff-beech forests , fir-beech and beech-fir forests and, more rarely, in hornbeam-beech forests . With or without copper beech, it can also be found in mixed forests of hornbeam, oak and hardwood, or in parks. The Milchling prefers forests that are in their climax stage . He likes fresh, medium to deep, moderately nutrient-rich, but low-nitrogen, brown earths that are more or less base-rich. The Milchling is not absolutely bound to lime.
distribution
The Falbe Milchling occurs in Europe, but it has also been found in North Africa (Morocco). The distribution area essentially coincides with that of the European beech, but there are also some outposts outside the beech area. The species is widespread in Germany and Austria and is still relatively common.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The Falbe Milchling is placed in the Pyrogali section. The representatives of the section usually have greasy, sticky hats and a white, unchangeable milk that normally does not leave any stains on the slats when it dries up. All species are inedible or slightly poisonous.
meaning
When cooked, the almost mild Falbe Milchling is edible, even when raw, but most authors describe it as inedible. Since it is not very tasty, this assessment is probably justified.
Individual evidence
- ^ Synonyms of Lactarius pallidus. In: speciesfungorum.org. Index Fungorum, accessed June 20, 2011 .
- ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 84 .
- ^ A b Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 , pp. 194 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Lactarius pallidus. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. RogersMushrooms website, archived from the original on February 16, 2015 ; accessed on June 20, 2011 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhart (Hrsg.): Pilze Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellas . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 292 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 74 (English).
- ↑ a b Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 84.
- ^ A b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 397.
- ↑ Lactarius pallidus in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved September 7, 2011 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Lactarius pallidus. In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Retrieved September 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Jacob Heilmann-Clausen among others: The genus Lactarius . Fungi of Northern Europe. Ed .: The Danish Mycological Society. Vol. 2, 1998, ISBN 87-983581-4-6 , pp. 271-273 (English).
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: CHECKLIST OF THE MACROMYCETES OF CENTRAL BALKAN MOUNTAIN (BULGARIA) . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 289 ( http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0088/0289.htm cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed January 9, 2012]).
- ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 (English, protectedareas.mk ( memento from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 1.6 MB ; accessed on July 9, 2013]). National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ TV Andrianova and others: Lactarius of the Ukraine. Fungi of Ukraine. In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, accessed January 10, 2012 .
- ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed October 23, 2011 .
Web links
- Lactarius pallidus. In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved June 20, 2011 (English, photos and brief description).
